1 00:00:03,252 --> 00:00:06,631 Hello. I'm Guillermo del Toro, and I'm here with Matthew Robbins. 2 00:00:06,714 --> 00:00:07,715 Matthew. 3 00:00:07,798 --> 00:00:09,050 It's Matthew Robbins here. 4 00:00:09,133 --> 00:00:10,801 We're looking at Dragonslayer 5 00:00:10,885 --> 00:00:13,679 And he's co-writer and director of this fantastic film. 6 00:00:14,222 --> 00:00:15,806 We're going to start with this. 7 00:00:16,349 --> 00:00:19,101 -This is Alex North, the score. -Yeah. 8 00:00:19,185 --> 00:00:24,482 I think he reused some ideas that he had for 2001 in the score. 9 00:00:24,565 --> 00:00:26,025 That's true. I was unaware of it. 10 00:00:26,108 --> 00:00:27,568 I was very happy with his score, 11 00:00:27,652 --> 00:00:28,819 -and I wasn't-- -Yeah. 12 00:00:28,903 --> 00:00:31,072 It was years later that somebody gave me a-- 13 00:00:31,906 --> 00:00:34,867 -2001, the score. -Yes, and it sounded very familiar. 14 00:00:34,951 --> 00:00:40,748 This is very similar to, for example, a track on 2001 called "Foraging." 15 00:00:40,831 --> 00:00:43,042 -Uh-huh. -Very, very similar. 16 00:00:43,125 --> 00:00:46,671 And I think him and Jerry Goldsmith were on the same track. 17 00:00:47,672 --> 00:00:49,757 There was Planet of the Apes and 2001. 18 00:00:49,840 --> 00:00:52,552 So it has a lot of that concrete music. 19 00:00:52,635 --> 00:00:55,304 How was your relationship with Alex? 20 00:00:55,846 --> 00:00:57,890 Very, very good. We-- 21 00:00:57,974 --> 00:01:00,017 He was known to be snappy, right? 22 00:01:00,101 --> 00:01:02,186 Well, he was a senior and I was a junior, 23 00:01:02,270 --> 00:01:04,188 and he was vastly more experienced than I was. 24 00:01:04,272 --> 00:01:07,066 But we saw eye to eye right away 25 00:01:07,149 --> 00:01:10,653 when I told him that I did not want a traditional score. 26 00:01:10,736 --> 00:01:13,155 I like dissonance and I like Prokofiev. 27 00:01:13,239 --> 00:01:17,201 And so he said, "Prokofiev is my favorite composer. This is great." 28 00:01:17,285 --> 00:01:19,579 That was our very first conversation, 29 00:01:19,662 --> 00:01:21,706 and if you listen to what he's done in this movie, 30 00:01:21,789 --> 00:01:24,208 -you'll hear some of the influence. -Yes. 31 00:01:24,959 --> 00:01:31,257 It is one of the best scores and one of the scores that I listened to 32 00:01:31,340 --> 00:01:34,135 when I was writing screenplay and so forth. 33 00:01:34,218 --> 00:01:35,553 And speaking of screenplay, 34 00:01:35,636 --> 00:01:37,471 you coauthor with Hal Barwood... 35 00:01:37,555 --> 00:01:39,432 -Yeah. -...as you did many, many times. 36 00:01:39,515 --> 00:01:42,351 He was your writing partner for how long? 37 00:01:42,435 --> 00:01:43,853 For 11, 12 years. 38 00:01:43,936 --> 00:01:49,108 Yeah. And I must say, Matthew, we could have a separate track-- 39 00:01:49,191 --> 00:01:53,112 We won't-- But we could have a separate track only on the screenplay. 40 00:01:53,195 --> 00:01:58,743 This is one of those great, beautifully, perfectly-measured screenplays. 41 00:01:58,826 --> 00:02:03,039 How long did it take you to write it? Let's talk a little about that. 42 00:02:03,122 --> 00:02:06,083 Well, our practice was to spend a lot of time 43 00:02:06,167 --> 00:02:10,004 before going to pages and writing dialogue to think about the structure of the movie. 44 00:02:10,087 --> 00:02:13,591 Who are the characters, what are they about, and what do they want? 45 00:02:13,674 --> 00:02:16,677 And once we got some sufficiently vivid characters going, 46 00:02:16,761 --> 00:02:18,387 we began to lay out the movie. 47 00:02:18,471 --> 00:02:22,433 We, in those days, used 3-by-5 cards on a big board with pushpins. 48 00:02:22,516 --> 00:02:24,185 Which was a fantastic method. 49 00:02:24,268 --> 00:02:28,397 And we took, on all our screenplays-- something I still do actually-- 50 00:02:28,481 --> 00:02:32,610 Is far more time planning the architecture of the movie 51 00:02:32,693 --> 00:02:36,656 and making sure that we're getting all the maximum value out of those characters 52 00:02:36,739 --> 00:02:38,282 before we ever set pen to paper 53 00:02:38,366 --> 00:02:41,410 and start painting in the descriptions and the dialogue. 54 00:02:42,036 --> 00:02:46,415 So, we would take-- we took a few months just laying out a format for the film, 55 00:02:46,499 --> 00:02:49,168 and then we write pages pretty quickly. 56 00:02:49,251 --> 00:02:52,588 I don't remember the total amount of time we took on this thing, 57 00:02:52,672 --> 00:02:58,928 but I should tell you among the origins of this project was two things. 58 00:02:59,512 --> 00:03:04,850 One is the fact that George Lucas, who was our pal from film school days, 59 00:03:04,934 --> 00:03:06,727 had created Industrial Light & Magic. 60 00:03:06,811 --> 00:03:10,356 And we were there when the company was born. 61 00:03:10,439 --> 00:03:16,195 And witness-- witness to the outer space environments 62 00:03:16,278 --> 00:03:20,825 and all the things-- the wizardry that ILM was putting together in that world, 63 00:03:20,908 --> 00:03:23,619 you know, a galaxy far, far away. 64 00:03:23,703 --> 00:03:27,581 And Hal and I thought, "Wait a second. What about putting the same"-- 65 00:03:27,665 --> 00:03:28,958 -In fantasy? -Yeah. 66 00:03:29,041 --> 00:03:30,584 Put it-- In another realm, 67 00:03:30,668 --> 00:03:35,047 can they bring to life this-- a story like this? 68 00:03:35,131 --> 00:03:36,632 That was the first impulse. 69 00:03:36,716 --> 00:03:41,303 The second impulse was that Hal had become very interested in Tolkien and the story-- 70 00:03:41,387 --> 00:03:43,097 I was gonna talk about that, yes. 71 00:03:43,180 --> 00:03:47,393 And he made me dive into it, and I, too, responded to it. 72 00:03:47,476 --> 00:03:53,733 And we got very inspired by setting a story in a world 73 00:03:53,816 --> 00:03:58,863 of, you know, centuries ago with this fantastical element of a dragon. 74 00:03:58,946 --> 00:04:01,615 But it was, in fact, I believe-- 75 00:04:01,699 --> 00:04:07,037 I may be wrong, but I think it was the first non-Lucas ILM movie 76 00:04:07,121 --> 00:04:08,539 to utilize the facility. 77 00:04:08,622 --> 00:04:09,623 That's correct. 78 00:04:09,707 --> 00:04:15,212 And then Raiders of the Lost Ark followed or it was a little later. 79 00:04:15,296 --> 00:04:17,047 But it was-- 80 00:04:17,131 --> 00:04:21,135 And it came right at the perfect timing because-- and we'll talk about it-- 81 00:04:21,218 --> 00:04:24,346 Phil Tippett had just developed Go Motion... 82 00:04:24,430 --> 00:04:25,806 Yes. 83 00:04:25,890 --> 00:04:29,769 ...which was the capacity to repeat not only a camera move, 84 00:04:29,852 --> 00:04:33,230 but a movement on a puppet to create a blur. 85 00:04:33,314 --> 00:04:36,066 -Exactly. -And we'll talk about it in a minute. 86 00:04:36,150 --> 00:04:39,653 But what is fantastic for me is this: 87 00:04:39,737 --> 00:04:43,157 There's an aspect of Tolkien that is very, very present. 88 00:04:43,240 --> 00:04:45,117 Obviously, the universes. 89 00:04:45,201 --> 00:04:50,498 The names have a little echo of Tolkien, but very important. 90 00:04:50,581 --> 00:04:56,712 Tolkien writes after the disillusionment and destruction of World War I. 91 00:04:56,796 --> 00:05:02,885 And there is this feeling of the twilight of magic, 92 00:05:03,469 --> 00:05:08,390 and how magic is worn and old, and fading from the world. 93 00:05:08,474 --> 00:05:11,644 And both the Ralph Richardson character and the dragon, 94 00:05:11,727 --> 00:05:16,440 which you empathize in a monologue. 95 00:05:16,524 --> 00:05:19,193 That is phenomenal where he's talking about the dragon 96 00:05:19,276 --> 00:05:22,988 when he's talking about himself, which is right upcoming. 97 00:05:23,072 --> 00:05:24,907 That's very explicit. 98 00:05:24,990 --> 00:05:26,867 We were very aware of that in the movie, 99 00:05:26,951 --> 00:05:30,496 and that's why there is the element of the arrival of Christianity 100 00:05:30,579 --> 00:05:34,959 in the early pre-Roman times. 101 00:05:35,042 --> 00:05:39,755 And it's presumably somewhere in the United Kingdom, or prior to that. 102 00:05:39,839 --> 00:05:42,800 You know, some Anglo-Saxon realm. 103 00:05:42,883 --> 00:05:44,885 And so that's part of the story, 104 00:05:44,969 --> 00:05:47,429 the idea that there's another way, another consciousness, 105 00:05:47,513 --> 00:05:49,598 -coming into this world. -The world of magic. 106 00:05:49,682 --> 00:05:51,976 -Yes. -Which is very present in Tolkien. 107 00:05:52,059 --> 00:05:54,270 But what I love is that Hal and you, 108 00:05:55,104 --> 00:05:58,399 who had, obviously, lived through the '60s and '70s, 109 00:05:58,482 --> 00:06:02,444 you know, you bring a very political element to the movie. 110 00:06:02,528 --> 00:06:05,739 Very political, very contestataire. 111 00:06:05,823 --> 00:06:11,412 Very much showing you how, quote, unquote, "the Man" co-opts everything, 112 00:06:11,495 --> 00:06:15,124 including the triumph of killing the dragon, 113 00:06:15,207 --> 00:06:20,880 and the legend of it, and how religion is colluded with that. 114 00:06:20,963 --> 00:06:23,382 Did you discuss, explicitly, this element? 115 00:06:23,465 --> 00:06:24,592 Sure. We did. 116 00:06:24,675 --> 00:06:26,969 I don't know that we used those exact terms, 117 00:06:27,052 --> 00:06:30,639 but we were very much putting those elements into play 118 00:06:30,723 --> 00:06:31,974 because of the power structure 119 00:06:32,057 --> 00:06:36,103 and the fact that there is a king that has made a deal with this monster. 120 00:06:36,186 --> 00:06:38,022 And there's a lot of resonance in that. 121 00:06:38,105 --> 00:06:43,652 It was a source a lot of, not just the mood, but of the drama. 122 00:06:44,820 --> 00:06:46,864 It is, but what I love is this: 123 00:06:46,947 --> 00:06:50,576 You have you have, obviously, Tolkien fading of the magic, 124 00:06:50,659 --> 00:06:52,620 you have the political structure, 125 00:06:52,703 --> 00:06:54,496 and then very, very importantly, 126 00:06:54,580 --> 00:07:00,169 you also have an incredibly forward attitude towards the heroines. 127 00:07:00,252 --> 00:07:03,464 And I'm not talking only about Valerian, but the princess. 128 00:07:04,131 --> 00:07:10,554 They are incredibly active, incredibly strong female leads or characters. 129 00:07:12,181 --> 00:07:16,518 Completely modern in that sense. 130 00:07:16,602 --> 00:07:18,896 -Did you guys talk about that? -Yes. 131 00:07:18,979 --> 00:07:22,691 Well, sure, we were very interested in both of those characters. 132 00:07:22,775 --> 00:07:24,485 They both have-- 133 00:07:24,568 --> 00:07:28,822 They're both in a lurking, compromised position 134 00:07:28,906 --> 00:07:32,368 due to the fact that they're available for sacrifice. 135 00:07:32,451 --> 00:07:35,913 And they both have, you know, found, they think, some terms 136 00:07:35,996 --> 00:07:39,083 under which they can survive it, but they are compromised by it. 137 00:07:39,166 --> 00:07:43,837 And so, that-- we were-- it's-- 138 00:07:43,921 --> 00:07:46,507 Today, when I get asked about this movie, 139 00:07:46,590 --> 00:07:51,136 I get asked about that because the whole issue of feminism 140 00:07:51,220 --> 00:07:53,430 and the role of women in the power structure, 141 00:07:53,514 --> 00:07:56,308 who holds the power, was not explicit 142 00:07:56,392 --> 00:07:59,228 back in 1980-81 when we were making this movie. 143 00:07:59,311 --> 00:08:03,774 It was not a headline issue politically or sociologically. 144 00:08:03,857 --> 00:08:05,693 It was maybe aborning, 145 00:08:05,776 --> 00:08:10,447 but we weren't really reading about it or involved in discussion about it. 146 00:08:10,531 --> 00:08:15,869 But, dramatically, I think we are instinctively aware of the interest 147 00:08:15,953 --> 00:08:21,875 and the power of the predicament of both those characters. 148 00:08:21,959 --> 00:08:24,753 And there is also-- 149 00:08:25,754 --> 00:08:30,467 I think it's funny, because it's a very forward-looking movie, 150 00:08:30,551 --> 00:08:33,429 and when it looks at the past, 151 00:08:34,054 --> 00:08:39,476 it has this idea that the world is going to become far more vulgar. 152 00:08:40,227 --> 00:08:42,688 Not only is it gonna lose the magic, 153 00:08:42,771 --> 00:08:47,651 but it will be plotting in vulgarity, 154 00:08:47,735 --> 00:08:54,116 and this and that, and there's a moment upcoming with Richardson, where he-- 155 00:08:54,199 --> 00:08:57,161 -In this scene? Uh-huh. -No, in the next scene with the dagger. 156 00:08:57,786 --> 00:09:02,416 Where the banality of his death is-- 157 00:09:02,499 --> 00:09:06,795 There's a moment where he sells it beautifully, looking up to the sky. 158 00:09:06,879 --> 00:09:08,964 And I wanted to talk to you about working with him 159 00:09:09,048 --> 00:09:12,051 because he is in the movie very, very briefly, 160 00:09:12,718 --> 00:09:18,432 but he is absolutely a touchstone for the movie. 161 00:09:20,059 --> 00:09:24,730 When you contacted him-- First of all, talk to me-- contacting him-- 162 00:09:24,813 --> 00:09:26,690 Talk a little about casting him. 163 00:09:26,774 --> 00:09:29,651 What was your first chat with him? As much as you can. 164 00:09:30,360 --> 00:09:32,863 Well, he was one of the great joys of this production, 165 00:09:32,946 --> 00:09:36,158 although it was not easy to get close to him. 166 00:09:37,826 --> 00:09:41,789 He was very good friends with Alec Guinness, 167 00:09:41,872 --> 00:09:46,627 who had reached meteoric heights with Star Wars, 168 00:09:46,710 --> 00:09:49,922 and here he is being approached by another group of young Americans 169 00:09:50,005 --> 00:09:53,300 with their special effects wizardry behind them, and he was-- 170 00:09:53,383 --> 00:09:55,594 So, I think he was intrigued by that. 171 00:09:55,677 --> 00:09:57,429 But he was not easy. 172 00:09:57,513 --> 00:10:00,557 In those rehearsals, he would challenge the dialogue, 173 00:10:00,641 --> 00:10:04,019 he would ask very probing questions where he had lots of notes, 174 00:10:04,103 --> 00:10:08,065 and he was a little contentious and grouchy and unsettled. 175 00:10:08,148 --> 00:10:10,859 I think he was feeling a discomfort 176 00:10:11,193 --> 00:10:13,612 with working with people he didn't know at all 177 00:10:13,695 --> 00:10:16,406 and with the prospect of doing a lot of effects work. 178 00:10:16,490 --> 00:10:18,492 And he just-- 179 00:10:18,575 --> 00:10:23,247 But over the course of a pretty challenging shoot, 180 00:10:24,289 --> 00:10:28,961 where we took him out into the wilds of, what, Northern Wales, 181 00:10:29,044 --> 00:10:32,047 and had him walking up and down hillsides, and this and that. 182 00:10:33,215 --> 00:10:37,094 And I just was very sympathetic to the fact that I realized I was putting-- 183 00:10:37,177 --> 00:10:42,516 He was 79 years old, which is a year older than I am now, right? 184 00:10:42,599 --> 00:10:44,434 But, you know, he was-- 185 00:10:44,518 --> 00:10:50,691 And he was having some struggles and he reached out to me for some patience, 186 00:10:50,774 --> 00:10:54,361 and I was more than happy to offer it because one of the things about-- 187 00:10:54,903 --> 00:10:59,950 Look at him here. He's a very, very unusual screen presence. 188 00:11:00,033 --> 00:11:01,243 Yes, yes. 189 00:11:01,326 --> 00:11:05,289 He has a manner unlike anybody else in all that group of-- 190 00:11:05,831 --> 00:11:10,002 He's just got an eerie, otherworldly presence to him. 191 00:11:10,085 --> 00:11:13,547 Well that's why he could play this or play God. 192 00:11:13,630 --> 00:11:15,799 -Yeah. -You know, he could-- 193 00:11:15,883 --> 00:11:18,218 He has a unique authority. 194 00:11:18,802 --> 00:11:22,681 Well, during the course of this shoot, he and I became very close and it became-- 195 00:11:22,764 --> 00:11:28,187 My greatest joy was spending time in between shots 196 00:11:28,270 --> 00:11:30,397 with him in conversation, 197 00:11:30,480 --> 00:11:36,528 because he was so full of strange quirks and behaviors. 198 00:11:36,612 --> 00:11:38,238 He came to the set with his rat. 199 00:11:38,322 --> 00:11:40,490 He had a pet rat, Ratty. 200 00:11:40,574 --> 00:11:42,618 It was a white rat that he kept in his pocket. 201 00:11:42,701 --> 00:11:45,954 And he would take the rat out and put it on his shoulder while chatting, 202 00:11:46,038 --> 00:11:49,041 and he would feed it little crackers while you were talking. 203 00:11:49,124 --> 00:11:50,792 -And-- And-- -It's-- 204 00:11:50,876 --> 00:11:53,837 It's beautiful you say that, because he has the authority, 205 00:11:53,921 --> 00:11:57,507 he has the Shakespearean root and all that, 206 00:11:57,591 --> 00:12:00,761 but he is quirky in his performance. 207 00:12:00,844 --> 00:12:05,515 His choices are really beautiful and inspired and odd. 208 00:12:06,058 --> 00:12:08,393 What did you find him to be, quite erudite? 209 00:12:08,477 --> 00:12:12,814 Did you find him to be literary, instinctive? 210 00:12:12,898 --> 00:12:14,900 -How would you define him? -It was instinctive. 211 00:12:14,983 --> 00:12:18,779 He asked probing questions about terminology, 212 00:12:18,862 --> 00:12:24,284 choice of vocabulary, repetitions, do we need this and that, 213 00:12:24,368 --> 00:12:26,995 which are not unusual questions for an actor. 214 00:12:27,079 --> 00:12:31,833 But in terms of his line readings, I never knew what he was going to offer. 215 00:12:32,501 --> 00:12:35,587 He wasn't really one for a lot of rehearsal time. 216 00:12:35,671 --> 00:12:39,508 He would do things but he-- it was-- 217 00:12:39,591 --> 00:12:42,469 I just was thrilled, while behind the camera, 218 00:12:42,552 --> 00:12:46,765 to see this intensity that he has. 219 00:12:48,308 --> 00:12:53,230 But he has a unique-- I mean, and we're gonna see it here. 220 00:12:53,313 --> 00:12:56,608 He does two things that I find are extraordinary. 221 00:12:56,692 --> 00:12:58,360 The way he listens—- 222 00:12:58,443 --> 00:13:03,073 and you should rewind, or rather, skip back on the disk or whatever-- 223 00:13:03,156 --> 00:13:05,993 The way he listens to the other actors 224 00:13:06,076 --> 00:13:09,788 and the way he looks around is a fully-formed ecosystem. 225 00:13:09,871 --> 00:13:14,835 He looks at his apprentice, he looks at our villain, he looks-- 226 00:13:14,918 --> 00:13:17,838 He's listening. And we are about to see it. 227 00:13:17,921 --> 00:13:20,173 He is amazing with props. 228 00:13:20,924 --> 00:13:22,384 -He is really-- -No, no. He-- 229 00:13:22,467 --> 00:13:23,510 The easiness of that. 230 00:13:23,593 --> 00:13:28,223 He is very interested in props and in all the physical aspects of the-- 231 00:13:28,307 --> 00:13:30,017 -And the way he grabs-- -Yeah. 232 00:13:30,100 --> 00:13:33,395 The way he places the dagger and uncovers his chest, 233 00:13:33,478 --> 00:13:37,274 which is almost like a renaissance martyr painting. 234 00:13:37,858 --> 00:13:42,738 He's almost like really a Titian or Tintoretto or something. 235 00:13:42,821 --> 00:13:46,283 There's something really holy-- 236 00:13:46,366 --> 00:13:49,328 Look at his eyes her -- his eyes in this scene. 237 00:13:49,411 --> 00:13:56,335 And the way he transitions from "I'm immortal" to "I'm gonna die" 238 00:13:56,418 --> 00:13:59,504 and the ceremonial of it-- I mean, it's incredible. 239 00:13:59,588 --> 00:14:01,673 How many days did you work with him? 240 00:14:01,757 --> 00:14:04,343 It was several weeks, but he was there interregnum. 241 00:14:04,426 --> 00:14:06,303 He had a few weeks in the beginning of the shoot, 242 00:14:06,386 --> 00:14:08,513 and then we went off without him, and then he came back, 243 00:14:08,597 --> 00:14:11,099 much as in the structure of the story itself. 244 00:14:12,309 --> 00:14:14,269 But, no, 245 00:14:14,353 --> 00:14:17,564 he began to appreciate what we were doing 246 00:14:17,647 --> 00:14:19,733 as he became more and more comfortable with the demands 247 00:14:19,816 --> 00:14:21,276 of a production like this. 248 00:14:21,360 --> 00:14:26,490 But this look on his face here and the intensity of his eyes, 249 00:14:26,573 --> 00:14:29,159 I think that even as a young actor, 250 00:14:29,242 --> 00:14:35,374 there was something compelling and riveting and disturbing about his gaze. 251 00:14:35,457 --> 00:14:39,211 Yeah, he-- the way he transitions-- and we're about to see it-- 252 00:14:39,294 --> 00:14:44,508 From being all-powerful to "I'm dying and how banal," 253 00:14:44,591 --> 00:14:49,763 the surprise he has because he knows there's the prophecy that he inhabits. 254 00:14:49,846 --> 00:14:54,393 He will die, and it will be passed on, his wisdom and all that. 255 00:14:54,476 --> 00:14:58,563 But he-- This look-up is fantastic. 256 00:14:58,647 --> 00:15:01,733 It's just this beautiful moment in which he says-- 257 00:15:01,817 --> 00:15:08,073 There's a final line on Daphne du Maurier's short story, Don't Look Now. 258 00:15:08,156 --> 00:15:13,829 And the final line in the story says, "What a silly way to die." 259 00:15:14,496 --> 00:15:19,042 And I think all that is in-- I'm not saying there's a specific reference, 260 00:15:19,126 --> 00:15:22,462 but there is-- so beautiful-- the intrusion of his real death. 261 00:15:23,338 --> 00:15:27,259 When he worked with somebody as young as Peter MacNicol, 262 00:15:28,593 --> 00:15:31,638 even although, again, they have few scenes together, 263 00:15:32,722 --> 00:15:34,141 how was the dynamic? 264 00:15:34,224 --> 00:15:35,934 And talk a little about Peter. 265 00:15:36,017 --> 00:15:41,690 Well, this was a co-production of Disney and Paramount 266 00:15:41,773 --> 00:15:44,860 and they were very intrigued by the screenplay, 267 00:15:44,943 --> 00:15:49,531 but they were concerned that it would be overly English, both studios. 268 00:15:49,614 --> 00:15:53,034 This is long before the era of Harry Potter and-- 269 00:15:53,118 --> 00:15:55,245 -Lord of the Rings. -Long before. 270 00:15:55,328 --> 00:15:59,207 And the idea of English accents concerned them, 271 00:15:59,291 --> 00:16:03,086 so we really needed to cast somebody who would sound Mid-Atlantic 272 00:16:03,170 --> 00:16:04,671 and be a good actor of course, 273 00:16:04,754 --> 00:16:09,551 but able to mix, in terms of voice quality, with a largely English cast. 274 00:16:09,634 --> 00:16:11,470 And so there are some American actors, 275 00:16:11,553 --> 00:16:13,972 and Peter, of course, was the lead American actor 276 00:16:14,556 --> 00:16:16,266 and he, as far as I know, 277 00:16:16,349 --> 00:16:22,689 had a perfectly respectful working relationship with Sir Ralph. 278 00:16:22,772 --> 00:16:29,529 But Sir Ralph did not socialize with the rest of the cast. 279 00:16:29,613 --> 00:16:34,618 He kept to his trailer between shots 280 00:16:34,701 --> 00:16:39,915 and would be reading or smoking his pipe on his own. 281 00:16:39,998 --> 00:16:43,585 But they had, I thought, 282 00:16:43,668 --> 00:16:49,591 just the right mix of master and acolyte, which-- 283 00:16:50,675 --> 00:16:53,762 So I was not troubled by the fact that they weren't particularly close-- 284 00:16:53,845 --> 00:16:56,973 What was the background with Peter? What was his background? 285 00:16:57,057 --> 00:16:59,851 He had done, I think, some television and some plays. 286 00:17:01,144 --> 00:17:04,147 We auditioned many young actors, 287 00:17:04,231 --> 00:17:10,362 and both Hal Barwood and I were just very taken with him, 288 00:17:10,445 --> 00:17:13,865 and there's sort of a wide-eyed appeal, 289 00:17:13,949 --> 00:17:17,452 his big eyes and his humor, 290 00:17:17,536 --> 00:17:23,333 and the awkwardness that he could display as he gets too big for his britches. 291 00:17:24,000 --> 00:17:27,587 He plays this-- He's over his head... 292 00:17:27,671 --> 00:17:29,464 -Yes. -.. .three-quarters of the movie. 293 00:17:29,548 --> 00:17:32,217 I have to tell you something that has come up over the years 294 00:17:32,300 --> 00:17:35,554 when I talk about this movie that people just find a little hard to believe, 295 00:17:35,637 --> 00:17:39,808 but it was actually one of the touchstones of our story, was Fantasia. 296 00:17:39,891 --> 00:17:44,187 -Yeah. I believe you. -Because of Mickey and the brooms. 297 00:17:44,271 --> 00:17:47,566 -And here he's putting on... -Yeah. 298 00:17:47,649 --> 00:17:49,317 -The sorcerer's hat. -...the sorcerer's hat. 299 00:17:49,401 --> 00:17:53,780 And this is Mickey, when he's left all-- he's gotta do his chores, and he's-- 300 00:17:54,322 --> 00:17:56,157 And so-- 301 00:17:57,284 --> 00:18:02,831 And the return of Ralph at the end of this story is very reminiscent of Fantasia. 302 00:18:02,914 --> 00:18:03,915 -Of the return-- -Sure. 303 00:18:03,999 --> 00:18:08,003 Even the appearance of the sorcerer is similar in a way, 304 00:18:08,086 --> 00:18:11,756 the intensity of the-- No, I 100% can see it. 305 00:18:11,840 --> 00:18:14,718 Also, there was something deliberately tawdry about the setup 306 00:18:14,801 --> 00:18:17,178 that they're going to try to impress the visitors 307 00:18:17,262 --> 00:18:19,472 with these stage magic and tricks. 308 00:18:19,556 --> 00:18:23,310 They're quite aware of the fact that it's kind of a shabby show. 309 00:18:23,393 --> 00:18:26,062 But this is the best they can do under diminished circumstances. 310 00:18:26,146 --> 00:18:28,398 After all, as you pointed out, this whole era is-- 311 00:18:28,481 --> 00:18:31,943 You know, it's the decline of a magical time. 312 00:18:32,027 --> 00:18:34,195 I should also tell you something else, Guillermo, 313 00:18:34,279 --> 00:18:36,740 about the thinking behind the movie, 314 00:18:37,365 --> 00:18:41,745 which is that both Hal and I connected on the fact that, as children, 315 00:18:42,370 --> 00:18:45,457 we hated stories in which anything could happen. 316 00:18:45,957 --> 00:18:47,959 -I agree with you. -Hated that idea where 317 00:18:48,043 --> 00:18:51,046 it's a magical world, and it was all a dream. 318 00:18:51,129 --> 00:18:55,050 And so one of the things that's operating in this story very deliberately 319 00:18:55,133 --> 00:18:56,968 and was explicitly discussed beforehand 320 00:18:57,052 --> 00:19:00,805 is that there would be an extremely realistic world 321 00:19:00,889 --> 00:19:04,309 with one fantastical element. 322 00:19:04,392 --> 00:19:07,228 Which is the best way to construct a world. 323 00:19:07,312 --> 00:19:11,941 And it's almost Pasolini-esque in some of the art directing 324 00:19:12,025 --> 00:19:15,487 and the muddiness and the "ratty-ness" of the wardrobe, 325 00:19:15,570 --> 00:19:21,868 and there's all that wabi-sabi Japanese destruction of the world that-- 326 00:19:21,951 --> 00:19:23,620 It's a very used world. 327 00:19:24,412 --> 00:19:28,875 And-- But you guided it also through costume and sets. 328 00:19:28,958 --> 00:19:32,962 Yes. The costume designer, Anthony Mendelssohn-- 329 00:19:33,046 --> 00:19:35,340 He was a brilliant, experienced costume designer, 330 00:19:35,423 --> 00:19:37,759 had done many, many films, 331 00:19:37,842 --> 00:19:43,473 and he just loved collaborating on this and with Sir Ralph in particular. 332 00:19:44,140 --> 00:19:48,311 And the production design was Elliot Scott, 333 00:19:48,395 --> 00:19:53,650 who was the senior influence on a whole generation of production designers 334 00:19:53,733 --> 00:19:56,027 out of the UK in the '80s. 335 00:19:57,612 --> 00:20:00,323 When you look up his credits and see who worked under him 336 00:20:00,407 --> 00:20:02,325 as art directors and set decorators, 337 00:20:02,409 --> 00:20:05,453 this is a generation that became very prominent in and of themselves. 338 00:20:05,537 --> 00:20:10,208 And when Hal and I went to England to put a company together to make this film, 339 00:20:10,291 --> 00:20:13,002 we immediately started asking about people who we had heard of 340 00:20:13,086 --> 00:20:15,755 on films that had been in production, and nobody was available. 341 00:20:15,839 --> 00:20:20,427 They all kept saying, "Why are you coming to us when Scotty," as he was known-- 342 00:20:20,510 --> 00:20:22,178 "Scotty is your man. He's available." 343 00:20:22,262 --> 00:20:23,763 And we met with him, 344 00:20:23,847 --> 00:20:28,977 and he was himself a very unusual and interesting sort of Ralph-like character. 345 00:20:29,060 --> 00:20:30,562 -Yes. -He was-- 346 00:20:31,688 --> 00:20:38,194 He was a super talented, self-deprecating, but very imaginative character. 347 00:20:38,278 --> 00:20:40,363 I say self-deprecating because I'll never forget-- 348 00:20:40,447 --> 00:20:42,240 -In a very English way. -Well, what happened-- 349 00:20:42,323 --> 00:20:45,034 I had an unforgettable episode with him 350 00:20:45,118 --> 00:20:50,373 when he presented his first drawings for the interior of Ulrich's castle. 351 00:20:50,957 --> 00:20:57,255 He had sketched on large sheets of sort of butcher paper, in red chalk, 352 00:20:57,922 --> 00:21:00,884 these rooms with arches and stones-- 353 00:21:00,967 --> 00:21:02,343 Very angular and low. 354 00:21:02,427 --> 00:21:03,595 Well, in the caves. 355 00:21:03,678 --> 00:21:05,638 But, in this series-- 356 00:21:05,722 --> 00:21:09,559 And for whatever reason, it was not how I had seen it at all. 357 00:21:10,226 --> 00:21:13,396 And I hadn't gone 10 to 15 seconds 358 00:21:13,480 --> 00:21:16,191 in equivocation about, "That's not quite what I wanted." 359 00:21:16,274 --> 00:21:19,402 He took his drawings and he crumpled them up. 360 00:21:19,486 --> 00:21:21,446 Scooped them up off the table and crumpled up. 361 00:21:21,529 --> 00:21:24,741 And I was horrified because they were beautiful drawings. It just wasn't-- 362 00:21:24,824 --> 00:21:27,744 But he said, "Okay, we'll start over." And he just pushed them aside. 363 00:21:27,827 --> 00:21:31,039 He was a little bit like Sir Ralph in that unpredictability. 364 00:21:31,122 --> 00:21:32,832 -Yes. -But-- 365 00:21:32,916 --> 00:21:36,085 And I think the work that he did in the picture was absolutely extraordinary. 366 00:21:36,169 --> 00:21:37,545 I was so happy" 367 00:21:37,629 --> 00:21:41,382 It's extraordinary, and I think that the way-- 368 00:21:41,466 --> 00:21:43,718 It feels not only like a real world. 369 00:21:43,802 --> 00:21:48,890 It matches perfectly the exterior locations, which is quite a feat. 370 00:21:48,973 --> 00:21:51,684 But I think it defines the characters. 371 00:21:51,768 --> 00:21:53,436 In a certain way, 372 00:21:53,520 --> 00:21:58,733 the environment for Sir Ralph is reminiscent of the caves of the dragon. 373 00:22:00,026 --> 00:22:02,946 -The two old relics of the past... -Yes. Yes. 374 00:22:03,029 --> 00:22:08,701 ...ultimately inhabit badly lit, low-hanging ceilings, you know. 375 00:22:08,785 --> 00:22:11,746 -Yeah. Ambiguous spaces. -Ambiguous spaces. 376 00:22:11,830 --> 00:22:16,376 And I think-- One element that I think is not apparent on the first viewing, 377 00:22:17,335 --> 00:22:19,754 but it is in subsequent viewings, 378 00:22:19,838 --> 00:22:23,132 there are really large reservoirs of fire. 379 00:22:23,967 --> 00:22:25,260 In the case of the sorcerer, 380 00:22:25,343 --> 00:22:31,766 the big earth that he summons 381 00:22:31,850 --> 00:22:34,394 and the dragon, the lake of fire and all that-- 382 00:22:34,936 --> 00:22:37,188 And here comes one scene-- 383 00:22:37,272 --> 00:22:40,650 And this is very important to also distinguish-- 384 00:22:40,733 --> 00:22:44,153 The movie is punctuated, 385 00:22:44,237 --> 00:22:47,657 I think, in a completely groundbreaking way. 386 00:22:48,241 --> 00:22:49,492 Completely. 387 00:22:49,576 --> 00:22:55,039 I was a kid watching this movie, and all of a sudden there was nudity, 388 00:22:55,123 --> 00:22:58,877 and there was violence, and there was real scariness. 389 00:22:58,960 --> 00:23:03,256 And in this, I also link it to the original Disney spirit 390 00:23:03,339 --> 00:23:05,675 that gave birth to Fantasia, 391 00:23:05,758 --> 00:23:10,263 because Chernabog in "Night of the Bald Mountain" is scary. 392 00:23:10,346 --> 00:23:12,557 Even the episode with Mickey. He has a nightmare. 393 00:23:12,640 --> 00:23:13,725 -He has-- -Yes. 394 00:23:13,808 --> 00:23:15,351 And this movie-- 395 00:23:15,435 --> 00:23:17,312 I remember when this moment happened 396 00:23:17,395 --> 00:23:22,692 and the unforgettable shot that I have quoted to you many times. 397 00:23:22,775 --> 00:23:25,028 The dragon head and the crane behind it. 398 00:23:25,904 --> 00:23:28,656 Amazing moment where we will not-- 399 00:23:30,074 --> 00:23:32,201 Tell me you knew-- 400 00:23:32,285 --> 00:23:35,204 Now this is directorial because, 401 00:23:35,288 --> 00:23:40,793 no matter how you guys write it, it is your choice to obviate the scariness 402 00:23:40,877 --> 00:23:47,050 or make it really very virtuoso, like here, and make it land. 403 00:23:47,133 --> 00:23:49,010 And the gore and the nudity. 404 00:23:49,093 --> 00:23:54,265 These are decisions that were not common in 1980. 405 00:23:54,349 --> 00:23:57,101 I have to tell you, yes, that's all true, 406 00:23:57,185 --> 00:24:01,898 but I had not planned to violate any traditions or break new ground. 407 00:24:01,981 --> 00:24:05,109 I was following an instinct that I felt I owed to the material 408 00:24:05,193 --> 00:24:08,613 given the roughness of the world and the consequences of the situation. 409 00:24:08,696 --> 00:24:09,989 It's inherent in the drama. 410 00:24:10,073 --> 00:24:12,325 You're talking about something as desperate and-- 411 00:24:12,408 --> 00:24:15,578 Even the way she spits and bleeds... 412 00:24:15,662 --> 00:24:17,580 -Yes. -.. .to get out of the manacles. 413 00:24:17,664 --> 00:24:20,291 I mean I think, again, this-- 414 00:24:20,959 --> 00:24:26,965 The paradox in the material is what makes this the great movie it is. 415 00:24:27,590 --> 00:24:29,175 Why is it paradoxical? 416 00:24:29,258 --> 00:24:31,135 You have a dragon but he's aging. 417 00:24:31,761 --> 00:24:33,930 You have a dragon that should be fantastic, 418 00:24:34,013 --> 00:24:36,724 but there's something-- and we will talk about it-- 419 00:24:36,808 --> 00:24:40,937 Eminently zoological and biologically real about it, 420 00:24:41,521 --> 00:24:43,940 and you have beauty and brutality. 421 00:24:44,023 --> 00:24:48,361 These are paradoxes that coexist in a fantastic way. 422 00:24:48,444 --> 00:24:52,657 And you were completely in this, 423 00:24:52,740 --> 00:24:55,535 and you have the same panache... 424 00:24:58,454 --> 00:25:02,208 that you would have in a non-children's movie, 425 00:25:02,291 --> 00:25:04,127 the way you set up-- This is-- 426 00:25:04,210 --> 00:25:07,755 The way you set up the dragon little by little. 427 00:25:08,506 --> 00:25:10,675 And this is-- 428 00:25:10,758 --> 00:25:13,511 -Yeah, this is the first appearance. -The first appearance. 429 00:25:13,594 --> 00:25:17,682 And then it becomes desperate. 430 00:25:17,765 --> 00:25:19,350 The way you-- 431 00:25:19,434 --> 00:25:21,602 What were you think-- 432 00:25:21,686 --> 00:25:24,439 Tell me, where were you in your career? 433 00:25:24,522 --> 00:25:25,857 This was very early. I was-- 434 00:25:25,940 --> 00:25:28,484 -I was really unprepared. -Look at this. 435 00:25:28,568 --> 00:25:31,154 -Oh, my god. What I would do. -Yeah. 436 00:25:31,237 --> 00:25:36,117 That's one of the most enviable shots. 437 00:25:36,200 --> 00:25:37,910 We'll talk about it-- 438 00:25:37,994 --> 00:25:43,541 Tell me about you. Matthew Robbins, 1980. What age? What were you doing? 439 00:25:43,624 --> 00:25:49,714 I was 36 years old, and I'd made a movie, very much different from this and-- 440 00:25:49,797 --> 00:25:52,759 This is a good sequence to talk about in regard to my-- 441 00:25:53,342 --> 00:25:54,427 Staging- 442 00:25:54,510 --> 00:25:59,307 Well, we had all these full-size dragon parts built. 443 00:25:59,390 --> 00:26:02,226 This is a full-sized tail, of course. She's falling on it. 444 00:26:02,310 --> 00:26:03,728 -Full-size claws. -Yeah, yeah. 445 00:26:03,811 --> 00:26:07,023 And when they brought it onto the set, none of it worked. 446 00:26:07,106 --> 00:26:10,151 I had to improvise all these shots as if it were a home movie. 447 00:26:10,234 --> 00:26:14,030 It was one of my most desperate days, is this-- 448 00:26:14,113 --> 00:26:16,032 Few days, actually, because, 449 00:26:16,115 --> 00:26:19,744 "We're very sorry, Mr. Robbins, but the hydraulics don't work." 450 00:26:19,827 --> 00:26:23,122 They had made it in Burbank at Disney-- 451 00:26:23,206 --> 00:26:25,291 -This POV is amazing. -Yeah. 452 00:26:25,374 --> 00:26:28,044 -This is the HALO crane we used. -This is amazing. 453 00:26:28,961 --> 00:26:30,755 I mean, and this is-- 454 00:26:31,464 --> 00:26:36,636 So, yeah, every mechanical giant monster I've ever worked with, 455 00:26:37,470 --> 00:26:40,973 number one, doesn't work often, number two-- 456 00:26:41,808 --> 00:26:47,063 I joke saying, "The... monster is very fragile. 457 00:26:47,146 --> 00:26:49,899 Don't hit it. Have the actors not touch it." 458 00:26:50,566 --> 00:26:52,151 Well, the fire element you mentioned, 459 00:26:52,235 --> 00:26:56,155 that was my baptism of fire, was that day of shooting that sacrifice scene, 460 00:26:56,239 --> 00:26:59,575 because I was unaware of the fact that you could have a movie of this size 461 00:26:59,659 --> 00:27:02,662 with crew of a hundred people looking at you at nine o'clock in the morning 462 00:27:02,745 --> 00:27:04,914 when things don't work and you've got to tell them what to do 463 00:27:04,997 --> 00:27:06,624 -to make a sequence happen. -Yes. 464 00:27:06,707 --> 00:27:08,793 Because I had planned a sequence in which the dragon-- 465 00:27:08,876 --> 00:27:11,254 There is no pity. It's not like, "Poor director." 466 00:27:11,337 --> 00:27:14,715 It's like, "Let's see him get out of this one." 467 00:27:14,799 --> 00:27:17,093 And I had planned and boarded all, you know-- 468 00:27:17,176 --> 00:27:20,555 I thought, "Well, planning and boarding, everyone knew what the expectations were," 469 00:27:20,638 --> 00:27:23,391 -but it didn't make any difference. -Except the mechanical monster. 470 00:27:23,474 --> 00:27:28,771 I wanted the dragon to be playing with her like a cat with a mouse, a live mouse. 471 00:27:28,855 --> 00:27:31,607 And it was organized. And none of that could be achieved. 472 00:27:31,691 --> 00:27:34,652 And yet the sequence managed to come together. 473 00:27:34,735 --> 00:27:37,196 Well, I think, again, you had done-- 474 00:27:37,280 --> 00:27:39,365 -What was it, Corvette Summer? -Yes. 475 00:27:39,448 --> 00:27:43,161 Corvette Summer, which I saw in the theaters and all that. Loved it. 476 00:27:43,244 --> 00:27:48,416 But you couldn't have a more different register as a director 477 00:27:48,499 --> 00:27:50,793 than to go from Corvette Summer to this. 478 00:27:50,877 --> 00:27:51,878 Yeah. 479 00:27:53,880 --> 00:27:56,757 And here comes the nudity, which, frankly, 480 00:27:58,509 --> 00:28:01,554 I had seen as a kid on Tarzan and His Mate, 481 00:28:01,637 --> 00:28:05,474 one of my favorite matinee movies as a kid. 482 00:28:05,558 --> 00:28:08,686 But this was-- 483 00:28:10,563 --> 00:28:14,942 I think these shifts of tone are what makes the movie modern 484 00:28:15,026 --> 00:28:16,944 and not feel aged. 485 00:28:17,028 --> 00:28:18,362 Well, we were told later-- 486 00:28:18,446 --> 00:28:20,239 I was unaware, but we were told later, 487 00:28:20,323 --> 00:28:23,576 "It was a good thing you boys were shooting in England, 488 00:28:23,659 --> 00:28:26,579 because if you had been doing this under the aegis of Disney, 489 00:28:27,496 --> 00:28:31,167 you know, in Burbank, you never would have been allowed. 490 00:28:31,250 --> 00:28:33,920 They would have seen your dailies and just absolutely stopped you." 491 00:28:34,003 --> 00:28:35,296 -Make you re-plan it. -Yeah. 492 00:28:35,379 --> 00:28:38,674 But I think that the character of Valerian-- 493 00:28:38,758 --> 00:28:40,218 Let's talk a little about it. 494 00:28:41,469 --> 00:28:43,846 How you conceived it, how you cast it. 495 00:28:43,930 --> 00:28:48,142 I know she didn't do many more movies or-- 496 00:28:48,226 --> 00:28:50,436 She went more to Broadway and theater. 497 00:28:50,519 --> 00:28:56,484 But talk to me about her and casting and discussing the character with her. 498 00:28:56,567 --> 00:28:58,903 -Well, it was-- -Caitlin Clarke. 499 00:28:58,986 --> 00:29:03,824 Caitlin Clarke had a lot of charisma and it shows through. 500 00:29:03,908 --> 00:29:07,578 But I wanted somebody who could be simultaneously androgynous, 501 00:29:07,662 --> 00:29:10,623 convincing as a young teenage male, 502 00:29:10,706 --> 00:29:13,960 and yet, after the transition and becoming female-- 503 00:29:14,043 --> 00:29:18,631 I would say she is the main character, in a strange way. 504 00:29:20,800 --> 00:29:23,219 Peter MacNicol is the lead character, 505 00:29:23,302 --> 00:29:25,263 but in my viewing of the movie, 506 00:29:25,346 --> 00:29:30,476 she is the lead character because she really goes through the most-- 507 00:29:31,269 --> 00:29:34,563 -She has more agency, in a way. -Well, she's angry. 508 00:29:34,647 --> 00:29:37,650 -She's angry. -Yeah, but the way, like, every-- 509 00:29:37,733 --> 00:29:41,404 He follows and solves this and that together with her, 510 00:29:41,487 --> 00:29:43,698 but she provokes the changes. 511 00:29:43,781 --> 00:29:47,785 She knows the lottery is rigged, 512 00:29:47,868 --> 00:29:49,870 and we'll talk about that later. 513 00:29:49,954 --> 00:29:52,290 So, she-- How did you find her? 514 00:29:53,708 --> 00:29:58,170 We were casting in California and also in New York. 515 00:29:58,254 --> 00:30:02,717 I think we found her in New York. A casting agent in New York found her. 516 00:30:02,800 --> 00:30:03,968 And she came in and-- 517 00:30:04,051 --> 00:30:06,887 Well, it was a very traditional situation where they come in and read. 518 00:30:06,971 --> 00:30:12,351 And she just had a lot of... standing, a lot of authority. 519 00:30:12,435 --> 00:30:17,064 There's no better way to put it without being cliché. 520 00:30:17,148 --> 00:30:19,275 She was original. 521 00:30:21,694 --> 00:30:26,490 And in terms of directing her... 522 00:30:28,909 --> 00:30:32,747 did you guys prepare the biography of her? 523 00:30:32,830 --> 00:30:34,957 I didn't do that. I know you like to do your films-- 524 00:30:35,041 --> 00:30:37,543 I hadn't really thought about-- I was only acquainted with it 525 00:30:37,626 --> 00:30:40,129 when I started seeing how you would do that on your films 526 00:30:40,212 --> 00:30:42,923 and provide the actors with backstories. 527 00:30:43,007 --> 00:30:46,052 No, I would talk about, you know, in terms of the story, 528 00:30:46,135 --> 00:30:48,471 what must have happened, but in conversation. 529 00:30:48,554 --> 00:30:50,014 I didn't write biographies. 530 00:30:50,097 --> 00:30:53,517 But I think it was important to make them aware and conscious 531 00:30:53,601 --> 00:30:56,812 of the dilemma each of them would find themselves in. 532 00:30:56,896 --> 00:31:00,775 It was easy to do because I felt that we'd built this story on the characters. 533 00:31:00,858 --> 00:31:04,320 That was the foundation of this movie, were the characters. 534 00:31:04,403 --> 00:31:07,239 And so, in the case of Caitlin Clarke, 535 00:31:07,323 --> 00:31:11,911 to live your life as a boy, with awareness that it is a cheat, 536 00:31:11,994 --> 00:31:17,666 that you are avoiding the fate of other young women in that village, 537 00:31:17,750 --> 00:31:21,045 is a source of compromise and guilt and rage. 538 00:31:21,128 --> 00:31:23,547 But one of the things that is great about the character 539 00:31:23,631 --> 00:31:28,094 is that it actually facilitates her having the agency 540 00:31:28,177 --> 00:31:31,722 that she so clearly deserves and relishes. 541 00:31:31,806 --> 00:31:35,393 And I think this character-- 542 00:31:35,476 --> 00:31:40,147 The story of The Lottery-- The lottery is such a powerful concept, obviously. 543 00:31:42,066 --> 00:31:47,196 It not only has echoes of recruitment, 544 00:31:47,279 --> 00:31:49,573 you know, and war-- 545 00:31:49,657 --> 00:31:52,118 Hal and I, we're of an age when there was a lottery. 546 00:31:52,201 --> 00:31:53,369 I mean, the drafting. 547 00:31:53,452 --> 00:31:54,662 And when-- 548 00:31:54,745 --> 00:32:00,334 The Vietnam War had been raging, and I was in my 20s, at film school. 549 00:32:00,418 --> 00:32:05,464 And up until the time you turn 26, your number could be drawn. 550 00:32:05,548 --> 00:32:08,467 Now, it wasn't a number, but your birthday could be drawn. 551 00:32:08,551 --> 00:32:11,846 And my birthday came up. Number six or something. 552 00:32:11,929 --> 00:32:14,014 I was going to be drafted. 553 00:32:14,098 --> 00:32:17,935 But during the time while waiting for the notice, I turned 26, 554 00:32:19,145 --> 00:32:20,312 and so I was not drafted. 555 00:32:20,396 --> 00:32:24,400 But I think a lot of us were very-- 556 00:32:25,317 --> 00:32:30,322 But it was a clear feeling that the draft was-- it felt rigged. 557 00:32:30,406 --> 00:32:33,284 -It felt like, you know-- -Privileged, sure. 558 00:32:33,367 --> 00:32:38,956 There were very few blue-blooded kids that got recruited. 559 00:32:39,039 --> 00:32:41,125 That was the feeling, I think. And-- 560 00:32:41,208 --> 00:32:43,210 Or you could have bone spurs. 561 00:32:43,294 --> 00:32:44,712 Yeah. Yes. 562 00:32:45,671 --> 00:32:47,298 Medically certified. 563 00:32:47,381 --> 00:32:52,887 But I think all those aspects seep into this. 564 00:32:52,970 --> 00:32:58,392 I know what you're talking about in terms of 1980. 565 00:32:58,476 --> 00:33:00,478 But 1980, also, 566 00:33:00,561 --> 00:33:06,275 in terms of the lottery affecting women and the lottery being about-- 567 00:33:06,358 --> 00:33:09,695 It's not about sacrificing a male virgin. 568 00:33:09,778 --> 00:33:12,573 It's about sacrificing a female virgin. 569 00:33:12,656 --> 00:33:17,495 And the structure of power is clearly, A, inept, 570 00:33:18,370 --> 00:33:19,955 and, B, male. 571 00:33:20,039 --> 00:33:23,667 And these are elements that you say, "Well, it was not"-- 572 00:33:23,751 --> 00:33:25,711 But it was, in a way. 573 00:33:25,794 --> 00:33:29,757 I mean, you had Gloria Steinem, 574 00:33:29,840 --> 00:33:31,342 you had all the-- 575 00:33:31,425 --> 00:33:35,054 The theory of how this system was rigged and all that, 576 00:33:35,137 --> 00:33:40,768 and how it's supported by, ultimately, violence. 577 00:33:40,851 --> 00:33:44,688 There is a great-- And the church and the religion. 578 00:33:44,772 --> 00:33:46,857 There's a great story by Lord Dunsany-- 579 00:33:46,941 --> 00:33:50,110 I think it's called The Stone and the Swami- 580 00:33:50,194 --> 00:33:54,949 and it's about the foundation of weapons and religion 581 00:33:55,032 --> 00:33:59,370 by two distinct primitive men. 582 00:33:59,453 --> 00:34:01,205 And I think this has that-- 583 00:34:02,331 --> 00:34:05,918 This has that very, very strong 584 00:34:07,461 --> 00:34:10,881 primal rigging of those powers. 585 00:34:11,382 --> 00:34:13,342 When you choose the actors for that, 586 00:34:14,510 --> 00:34:18,389 all the actors that enact the structure, how did you go about it? 587 00:34:18,472 --> 00:34:21,058 How did you cast them? And tell us a little about that. 588 00:34:21,141 --> 00:34:23,227 Well, I have to say again, 589 00:34:23,310 --> 00:34:29,233 the issues that are much clearer today were not all that clear to me, 590 00:34:29,316 --> 00:34:31,860 and I don't think to Hal Barwood either. 591 00:34:31,944 --> 00:34:33,654 We were inventing something 592 00:34:33,737 --> 00:34:36,490 that seemed to have its own demands, logically. 593 00:34:36,574 --> 00:34:38,117 -And emotionally-- -Can I say something? 594 00:34:38,200 --> 00:34:39,493 They were clear to me 595 00:34:39,577 --> 00:34:42,454 when I saw it for the first time in a theater. 596 00:34:42,538 --> 00:34:43,872 -Really? -Yeah. 597 00:34:43,956 --> 00:34:46,375 I mean, it was so inspiring. 598 00:34:47,001 --> 00:34:50,170 I think this movie inspired a lot of what I do. 599 00:34:50,254 --> 00:34:51,297 I mean, it's... 600 00:34:52,298 --> 00:34:55,926 And the juxtaposition of those things that led to Pan's Labyrinth 601 00:34:56,760 --> 00:34:59,221 is because of movies like this 602 00:35:00,931 --> 00:35:04,184 or Time Bandits or things that actually said, 603 00:35:04,268 --> 00:35:07,646 "Fantasy has something to say about the real world." 604 00:35:07,730 --> 00:35:09,773 Well, no, that's the whole point. 605 00:35:09,857 --> 00:35:11,817 That goes right back to what we were saying earlier, 606 00:35:11,900 --> 00:35:16,071 which is that if you create a sufficiently gritty and real world 607 00:35:16,155 --> 00:35:18,324 that you can believe in and subscribe in, 608 00:35:18,407 --> 00:35:20,618 then you have a lot of emotional power 609 00:35:20,701 --> 00:35:23,996 when that one fantastic element begins to ripple through it 610 00:35:24,079 --> 00:35:26,040 and you put yourself in the position of these people. 611 00:35:26,123 --> 00:35:29,001 What would you do if these circumstances were as real as something you see? 612 00:35:29,084 --> 00:35:31,879 That's a beautiful way of putting it: It ripples through it. 613 00:35:31,962 --> 00:35:34,006 I find that-- 614 00:35:34,965 --> 00:35:37,843 I have a rule that said, basically, 615 00:35:37,926 --> 00:35:40,638 "if everything is possible, nothing is interesting." 616 00:35:41,430 --> 00:35:43,015 Right? You have to-- 617 00:35:43,098 --> 00:35:45,851 Well, we did it on Mimic with the cockroaches. 618 00:35:46,894 --> 00:35:50,147 What a completely bizarre idea 619 00:35:50,230 --> 00:35:53,692 that these creatures that imitate-- 620 00:35:53,776 --> 00:35:56,654 In our original draft, they were beetles. Bark beetles. 621 00:35:56,737 --> 00:35:58,989 And then I remember that horrible meeting. 622 00:35:59,073 --> 00:36:02,034 Before I start going into that and it's another commentary. 623 00:36:02,117 --> 00:36:06,497 But, no, what I'm talking about is the fact that it was a very gritty world-- 624 00:36:06,580 --> 00:36:09,166 -Except for the giant insects. -Yeah. With that one element. 625 00:36:09,249 --> 00:36:10,626 -And what would you do? -Yeah. 626 00:36:10,709 --> 00:36:14,672 Because, for me, it is as simple as a chemical formula. 627 00:36:14,755 --> 00:36:16,340 When you put a pure element, 628 00:36:16,840 --> 00:36:19,301 it will change the complete configuration of everything. 629 00:36:19,385 --> 00:36:20,886 I think that has a fascination. 630 00:36:20,969 --> 00:36:22,930 I think people are absolutely fascinated by that 631 00:36:23,013 --> 00:36:25,766 because it's that same longing to know, 632 00:36:25,849 --> 00:36:28,185 is there something beyond or something unreal, 633 00:36:28,268 --> 00:36:31,563 or something lurking on the other side, the fantastical elements. 634 00:36:31,647 --> 00:36:37,861 And you're talking about a creature that, number one, exists across all cultures. 635 00:36:37,945 --> 00:36:39,530 Right? The dragon. 636 00:36:39,613 --> 00:36:43,659 And this is as good a moment as any other 637 00:36:43,742 --> 00:36:46,453 to talk about Vermithrax Pejorative. 638 00:36:46,537 --> 00:36:50,249 -Yeah. -Dragons exist across cultures. 639 00:36:50,332 --> 00:36:54,044 The theory is that it's an amalgam of all predators 640 00:36:54,128 --> 00:36:56,463 that were dangerous for the primitive men, 641 00:36:56,547 --> 00:37:00,551 meaning flying predatory birds, 642 00:37:00,634 --> 00:37:03,345 reptiles, lions, so on and so forth. 643 00:37:03,429 --> 00:37:07,433 So this monster is universal. 644 00:37:07,516 --> 00:37:11,395 But it also speaks of something beautiful, 645 00:37:12,730 --> 00:37:15,315 primal, powerful, 646 00:37:15,399 --> 00:37:17,609 and in your case, peripatetic, 647 00:37:17,693 --> 00:37:19,820 which is something very interesting you do at the end. 648 00:37:20,446 --> 00:37:25,325 But tell me, the approach to designing it is so unique, 649 00:37:25,409 --> 00:37:27,077 I would say revolutionary-- 650 00:37:27,161 --> 00:37:31,290 And here I'm gonna go on record and say this is the best-designed dragon 651 00:37:31,373 --> 00:37:32,833 in the history of film. 652 00:37:32,916 --> 00:37:34,084 Period. 653 00:37:34,168 --> 00:37:36,420 Anything else derivates from this 654 00:37:36,503 --> 00:37:41,633 or there has been very little, if any, improvements to it. 655 00:37:41,717 --> 00:37:42,760 So here you go. 656 00:37:42,843 --> 00:37:46,388 Now Matthew Robbins needs to approach the design of the dragon. 657 00:37:46,472 --> 00:37:48,348 You know Phil Tippett is gonna animate it. 658 00:37:49,516 --> 00:37:51,101 How do you approach the design? 659 00:37:51,185 --> 00:37:52,561 Well... 660 00:37:53,187 --> 00:37:56,690 I was very involved with the design of the dragon 661 00:37:56,774 --> 00:38:01,069 because I worked very closely with an artist named David Bunnett. 662 00:38:01,153 --> 00:38:03,405 -David Bunnett. -David Bunnett. I knew him. 663 00:38:03,489 --> 00:38:09,495 And he and I discussed what we wanted out of this dragon in detail, 664 00:38:09,578 --> 00:38:11,955 and he created the look of this dragon. 665 00:38:12,039 --> 00:38:13,332 What was his background? 666 00:38:13,415 --> 00:38:17,127 He was a-- He lived in Marin County, not far from me. 667 00:38:17,211 --> 00:38:19,171 He was not involved in film at all. 668 00:38:19,922 --> 00:38:23,008 We approached him-- Hal and I approached him-- 669 00:38:23,091 --> 00:38:25,594 To do some illustrations to accompany the screenplay. 670 00:38:25,677 --> 00:38:29,932 We wrote the screenplay on our own and we had to go and sell it. 671 00:38:30,015 --> 00:38:33,602 And we thought it would be useful to have paintings to accompany the screenplay, 672 00:38:33,685 --> 00:38:36,814 to show the movie executives what we had in mind. 673 00:38:36,897 --> 00:38:41,026 And I happened to know a man who lived near me in Northern California, 674 00:38:41,109 --> 00:38:43,278 who was a very talented illustrator-- designer. 675 00:38:43,362 --> 00:38:44,947 He designed typography too. 676 00:38:45,030 --> 00:38:47,407 He designed the typography of the logo of this movie, 677 00:38:47,491 --> 00:38:48,534 Dragonslayer -Wow. 678 00:38:48,617 --> 00:38:51,161 -Which is also very influential. -Incredible, yeah. 679 00:38:51,245 --> 00:38:53,622 And so he designed-- 680 00:38:53,705 --> 00:38:57,417 -It has all the Celtic knot motif. -Yeah, that's all him. 681 00:38:57,501 --> 00:39:00,295 And he and I and Hal agreed 682 00:39:00,379 --> 00:39:06,927 that the dragon should not have little tyrannosaurus foreclaws. 683 00:39:07,010 --> 00:39:09,429 It should have rear legs and wings. 684 00:39:09,513 --> 00:39:10,597 And it should-- 685 00:39:10,681 --> 00:39:12,641 And the kind of movement that it would generate-- 686 00:39:12,724 --> 00:39:15,602 -Like a bat. -Yes. Yes, exactly, like a bat. 687 00:39:15,686 --> 00:39:18,313 And I've never-- 688 00:39:18,397 --> 00:39:20,023 I've seen, over the years, 689 00:39:20,107 --> 00:39:23,443 dragons that walk around like dinosaurs with four legs and the wings attached. 690 00:39:24,486 --> 00:39:27,948 They just look clumsy, absurd and not scary. 691 00:39:28,532 --> 00:39:31,702 The other thing I should say about David Bunnett and the design of the dragon 692 00:39:31,785 --> 00:39:33,537 is that I used to tease David, 693 00:39:33,620 --> 00:39:36,665 because I always found there to be a faint resemblance 694 00:39:36,748 --> 00:39:37,916 of the dragon with David. 695 00:39:38,000 --> 00:39:40,085 -He was a very good-looking man... -Like a self-portrait. 696 00:39:40,168 --> 00:39:42,212 ...but there was an element of self-portraiture 697 00:39:42,296 --> 00:39:44,339 in the design of that dragon. 698 00:39:44,423 --> 00:39:48,093 And I will have to find a photograph of him and show it to you 699 00:39:48,176 --> 00:39:49,469 so you can appreciate that. 700 00:39:49,553 --> 00:39:52,806 I think I saw one in San Francisco, and I would agree with you. 701 00:39:52,890 --> 00:39:55,350 Now, those designs-- 702 00:39:57,060 --> 00:40:01,273 You said based on a bat because there was a-- 703 00:40:01,356 --> 00:40:06,570 It's very impressive when you see a bat walk on its wings... 704 00:40:06,653 --> 00:40:08,530 -Yeah. -...using them as front legs. 705 00:40:08,614 --> 00:40:12,242 But was him, as a designer-- 706 00:40:12,326 --> 00:40:16,496 Was he basing also in nature? Was he basing it on-- 707 00:40:16,580 --> 00:40:19,583 'Cause the lizard proportions of the face are perfectly-- 708 00:40:20,208 --> 00:40:22,461 Biologically accurate, in a way. 709 00:40:22,544 --> 00:40:24,755 I don't know if he was referencing anything. 710 00:40:24,838 --> 00:40:26,673 He would come back to me with his drawings, 711 00:40:26,757 --> 00:40:30,969 so I don't know if he was researching or just working off instinct. 712 00:40:31,595 --> 00:40:36,350 But the area of the brow, and the set of the eyes under that brow, 713 00:40:37,100 --> 00:40:40,437 is one of the reasons the character of the dragon is so scary. 714 00:40:40,938 --> 00:40:44,149 And the fact that you could imagine it being in pain, 715 00:40:44,232 --> 00:40:48,320 which is an element of the personality of the creature. 716 00:40:48,403 --> 00:40:53,617 And here I want to point out something that I think is interesting, 717 00:40:53,700 --> 00:40:58,288 is the sculpture of the giant head 718 00:40:58,372 --> 00:41:02,167 is different than the sculpture of the Tippett dragon, 719 00:41:03,085 --> 00:41:05,796 the Tippett dragon being far more sophisticated. 720 00:41:06,755 --> 00:41:09,633 So this is what I want to talk with you about. 721 00:41:10,258 --> 00:41:12,844 Then you go to Phil Tippett who sculpts the dragon. 722 00:41:12,928 --> 00:41:14,012 -Yes. -Correct? 723 00:41:14,096 --> 00:41:17,975 And hence-- I mean, Phil Tippett, let's talk about him for a second. 724 00:41:18,558 --> 00:41:22,896 One of the great geniuses of stop-motion in the history of film. 725 00:41:23,689 --> 00:41:26,858 One of the top three, if not of the top two, for me. 726 00:41:29,027 --> 00:41:32,447 A staggering empathy with monsters. 727 00:41:32,990 --> 00:41:38,328 And here comes a second layer of creation, a second layer of authorship, 728 00:41:38,954 --> 00:41:40,622 which is the sculpting of this thing. 729 00:41:40,706 --> 00:41:41,957 Tell me a little about that. 730 00:41:42,040 --> 00:41:46,211 Well, I was unaware of the needs of a stop-motion puppeteer, 731 00:41:46,294 --> 00:41:52,134 and he gave me a hurried lesson in the things he was going to need to do. 732 00:41:52,217 --> 00:41:54,761 But he did refine that design and-- 733 00:41:54,845 --> 00:41:59,933 But the question that you're getting to, which was the baby dragons. 734 00:42:00,017 --> 00:42:02,769 -Yeah. -He was very concerned about that. 735 00:42:02,853 --> 00:42:05,397 Because I wanted baby dragons-- 736 00:42:05,480 --> 00:42:07,149 -Very difficult. -Very, very difficult. 737 00:42:07,232 --> 00:42:11,236 Because as soon as you begin to miniaturize almost any creature, 738 00:42:11,319 --> 00:42:12,612 you're going to get into cute. 739 00:42:12,696 --> 00:42:15,741 -A cartoon. -A cartoon. Big eyes and-- 740 00:42:15,824 --> 00:42:19,286 And yet, he had his needs as a stop-motion puppeteer. 741 00:42:19,369 --> 00:42:20,370 He was very concerned, 742 00:42:20,454 --> 00:42:22,706 which is why we went in a completely different direction. 743 00:42:22,789 --> 00:42:25,042 Ken Ralston took over the baby dragons 744 00:42:25,125 --> 00:42:27,669 that are going to appear later in the story. 745 00:42:27,753 --> 00:42:31,298 But yes, Phil-- I was-- 746 00:42:31,381 --> 00:42:36,219 When I met Phil, I was unaware of the fact that he had this huge bandwidth 747 00:42:36,303 --> 00:42:39,222 with regard to monsters and the-- 748 00:42:40,223 --> 00:42:44,936 Also, a knowledge of movement, credible movement. 749 00:42:46,813 --> 00:42:50,400 And I think it drove him crazy that he was given limitations, 750 00:42:50,484 --> 00:42:52,736 without any legs to animate in a traditional way, 751 00:42:52,819 --> 00:42:55,363 and to force this thing to walk on its wings. 752 00:42:55,864 --> 00:42:57,991 And yet it turned out to be a really-- 753 00:42:58,075 --> 00:43:00,535 -I think, a very fertile challenge... -Yes. 754 00:43:00,619 --> 00:43:02,954 ...for him to work with that. 755 00:43:03,038 --> 00:43:07,793 And I get asked about the dragon quite a bit. 756 00:43:07,876 --> 00:43:10,504 A lot of people have made the point that you're making, 757 00:43:10,587 --> 00:43:13,173 which is that it has influenced dragon design 758 00:43:13,256 --> 00:43:14,966 in films in the decades that followed. 759 00:43:15,050 --> 00:43:16,051 -Yes. -Yeah. 760 00:43:16,134 --> 00:43:21,473 And it's funny because, obviously, you guys being aware of Tolkien, 761 00:43:22,140 --> 00:43:26,603 his death and his majesty 762 00:43:26,686 --> 00:43:30,774 remind me a lot of the Smaug character in The Hobbit. 763 00:43:30,857 --> 00:43:34,611 But I think what this is-- 764 00:43:35,112 --> 00:43:41,535 And this is where Phil is, in my opinion, unique. 765 00:43:42,702 --> 00:43:45,956 He is capable of giving an animal, or a creature, 766 00:43:46,039 --> 00:43:50,877 or a robot, character quirks. 767 00:43:50,961 --> 00:43:52,963 But at the same time he-- 768 00:43:53,588 --> 00:43:58,635 And I can think of his Tauntauns running across the snow, or this. 769 00:43:58,718 --> 00:44:03,223 He also has an incredibly unique, 770 00:44:03,306 --> 00:44:09,771 almost otherworldly knack for making it a real animal. 771 00:44:10,355 --> 00:44:16,027 It has a character, it has a tragedy, it has a gentility, or it has a ferocity, 772 00:44:16,111 --> 00:44:18,530 but it also is identifiably-- 773 00:44:18,613 --> 00:44:23,201 Yeah, if I saw a dragon in nature, that's how he'd move. 774 00:44:23,285 --> 00:44:26,872 When you talked to Phil, did you say, "This is what I want," or... 775 00:44:26,955 --> 00:44:27,956 Oh, yes. 776 00:44:28,039 --> 00:44:30,292 And how much of a dialogue did you have? 777 00:44:30,375 --> 00:44:31,668 Quite a bit. Quite a bit. 778 00:44:31,751 --> 00:44:33,378 I was at ILM for-- 779 00:44:34,045 --> 00:44:36,882 ILM was in Marin, where I live. 780 00:44:37,716 --> 00:44:39,801 So once we finished shooting in England, we were back, 781 00:44:39,885 --> 00:44:43,013 and ILM was hard at work on the various-- 782 00:44:43,597 --> 00:44:45,265 There were many, many needs. 783 00:44:45,348 --> 00:44:47,267 Dennis Muren and Ken Ralston 784 00:44:47,350 --> 00:44:49,769 and Phil Tippett were the effects supervisors on the film, 785 00:44:51,354 --> 00:44:54,733 who went on to become legendary figures in their own right. 786 00:44:54,816 --> 00:44:56,943 -Of course. -I worked very closely with all of them 787 00:44:57,027 --> 00:44:59,029 because we had not only storyboarded, 788 00:44:59,112 --> 00:45:02,282 but I got to talk to them while they were setting up 789 00:45:02,365 --> 00:45:03,491 and getting ready to-- 790 00:45:03,575 --> 00:45:07,412 And they were able to show me rehearsing things. 791 00:45:07,495 --> 00:45:11,249 So I had a very, very close collaboration with them. 792 00:45:11,333 --> 00:45:15,337 But I-- Again, this was a new world to me. 793 00:45:15,420 --> 00:45:18,340 The level of effects work I have been witness to, 794 00:45:18,423 --> 00:45:20,008 what George had done at ILM, 795 00:45:20,091 --> 00:45:23,970 and had been aware of the advances that were being made. 796 00:45:24,054 --> 00:45:26,973 But I had no idea what was going to be offered to me 797 00:45:27,057 --> 00:45:29,559 in terms of bringing the dragon to life. 798 00:45:29,643 --> 00:45:33,355 And I was absolutely thrilled, time after time, 799 00:45:33,438 --> 00:45:37,400 with the animation that all three of them provided. 800 00:45:37,984 --> 00:45:40,862 And when you talk about George-- 801 00:45:41,738 --> 00:45:45,742 I mean, there's sort of obliquely, 802 00:45:45,825 --> 00:45:51,164 very lateral connections I have in my mind with George, 803 00:45:51,248 --> 00:45:52,707 and two of my favorite-- 804 00:45:53,792 --> 00:45:56,294 I'm very-- People say, "You must love fantasy." 805 00:45:56,378 --> 00:45:59,965 I really-- I'm a horror guy. 806 00:46:00,048 --> 00:46:02,217 I have a little bit of a hard time with science fiction 807 00:46:02,300 --> 00:46:05,929 that is not dystopic or humanistic. 808 00:46:06,012 --> 00:46:08,598 I am not a hardware guy, and in fantasy-- 809 00:46:08,682 --> 00:46:14,854 I like when fantasy has humanity and a darkness only. 810 00:46:15,355 --> 00:46:19,025 Or things like classical fairy tales or The Hobbit... 811 00:46:21,236 --> 00:46:27,117 as a joyous, beautiful, very close to fairy-tale narrative. 812 00:46:27,200 --> 00:46:30,787 When you approach fantasy and George-- 813 00:46:31,788 --> 00:46:34,499 A lot of people say, "Star Wars is sci-fi." 814 00:46:34,582 --> 00:46:37,919 Star Wars is fantasy disguised as sci-fi. 815 00:46:38,003 --> 00:46:42,507 It has princes, princesses, wizards, castles, blah, blah, blah. 816 00:46:42,590 --> 00:46:47,470 And I also see George with this movie, as a supporter, 817 00:46:47,554 --> 00:46:48,847 and we'll talk about that. 818 00:46:48,930 --> 00:46:51,349 And the other one is, strangely, Return to Oz, 819 00:46:52,142 --> 00:46:54,978 not only because Walter is involved-- And the movie-- 820 00:46:55,061 --> 00:46:56,479 -Walter Murch. -Walter Murch is involved. 821 00:46:56,563 --> 00:46:58,356 And the movie is amazing. 822 00:46:58,440 --> 00:46:59,899 But the darkness of it. 823 00:46:59,983 --> 00:47:03,820 And talking to George, did you talk a lot about-- 824 00:47:03,903 --> 00:47:07,490 I know he supported this movie a lot in post and in release. 825 00:47:08,033 --> 00:47:10,201 But tell me, did you discuss it with George? 826 00:47:12,287 --> 00:47:15,165 Was there a connection because of ILM? Tell me a little about it. 827 00:47:15,248 --> 00:47:19,044 The interaction with George was mostly about what was happening at ILM, 828 00:47:19,127 --> 00:47:21,963 and the fact that we were challenging ILM in a whole new realm, 829 00:47:22,047 --> 00:47:24,257 as we already discussed. 830 00:47:25,467 --> 00:47:29,262 And the fact that we were shooting in England, 831 00:47:29,346 --> 00:47:33,016 that we were in some ways reprising something he had already done... 832 00:47:33,099 --> 00:47:35,477 -Yes. -...in terms of just moviemaking. 833 00:47:35,977 --> 00:47:40,690 But I think that with Return to Oz and Dragonslayer 834 00:47:40,774 --> 00:47:42,567 and what was happening at ILM-- 835 00:47:42,650 --> 00:47:44,194 I've been watching a-- 836 00:47:44,277 --> 00:47:48,281 Larry Kasdan made a documentary about ILM, which is on the Disney Channel now, 837 00:47:48,365 --> 00:47:50,367 which is very interesting in that regard 838 00:47:50,450 --> 00:47:53,536 because something was arriving, in terms of technology, 839 00:47:53,620 --> 00:47:56,247 that was opening up floodgates of imagination. 840 00:47:56,331 --> 00:48:00,794 And even if I was not fully aware of it, I wanted to exploit what was there. 841 00:48:00,877 --> 00:48:01,878 -I was not-- -Yeah. 842 00:48:01,961 --> 00:48:04,130 I look back on it now and realize 843 00:48:04,214 --> 00:48:09,969 that the influence of what George had built was very powerful on this movie. 844 00:48:10,053 --> 00:48:13,640 We were doing things that really-- 845 00:48:14,224 --> 00:48:17,852 We had a producer, a veteran producer, assigned to us by Paramount. 846 00:48:17,936 --> 00:48:19,604 -Howard Koch. A lovely man. -Yeah. 847 00:48:19,687 --> 00:48:20,814 He had been president of-- 848 00:48:20,897 --> 00:48:23,358 We're doing this conversation here at Paramount. 849 00:48:23,441 --> 00:48:24,692 Legendary. 850 00:48:24,776 --> 00:48:26,194 He was president of this studio, 851 00:48:26,277 --> 00:48:28,488 also president of the Motion Picture Academy. 852 00:48:28,571 --> 00:48:31,825 -And he had never-- -His son is also a great producer, yeah. 853 00:48:31,908 --> 00:48:32,909 Yeah. Hawk. 854 00:48:32,992 --> 00:48:35,995 And that was one of the-- 855 00:48:36,079 --> 00:48:39,582 I became aware during the show that we were breaking ground. 856 00:48:39,666 --> 00:48:41,960 It was a bit of naivety, in a way. 857 00:48:42,043 --> 00:48:44,003 So there was something instinctive going on 858 00:48:44,087 --> 00:48:47,549 with regard to the possibilities of the material, the dramatic material, 859 00:48:47,632 --> 00:48:50,260 but also with regard to the fact that you're gonna be executing 860 00:48:50,343 --> 00:48:53,680 at a level unknown in the history of movie technique here. 861 00:48:53,763 --> 00:48:56,391 But you told me once 862 00:48:56,474 --> 00:49:00,437 that when you showed George one of your cuts, 863 00:49:00,520 --> 00:49:02,772 he said, "This movie is going to be enormous." 864 00:49:02,856 --> 00:49:03,940 He did, yes. 865 00:49:04,023 --> 00:49:06,693 -And there was a kinship. -Yes. 866 00:49:06,776 --> 00:49:11,698 I mean, I think George has a view that is really-- 867 00:49:12,866 --> 00:49:13,950 I wouldn't say pessimistic, 868 00:49:14,033 --> 00:49:19,038 but very aware of the darkness of the undercurrents of fantasy. 869 00:49:19,122 --> 00:49:22,375 -And he connected with this very strongly. -He did, he did. 870 00:49:22,459 --> 00:49:23,793 But... 871 00:49:24,794 --> 00:49:28,798 Again, I think he was very proud of the fact that his company was emerging. 872 00:49:28,882 --> 00:49:31,968 It expanded its territory. 873 00:49:32,051 --> 00:49:33,636 And look at what they delivered. 874 00:49:33,720 --> 00:49:34,804 I think that's-- 875 00:49:34,888 --> 00:49:38,308 When he began to understand that pride of ownership for a creation, 876 00:49:38,391 --> 00:49:40,518 -it was-- -Yes. 877 00:49:40,602 --> 00:49:43,855 We got an Academy Award nomination for the effects that ILM did on this, 878 00:49:43,938 --> 00:49:45,607 and this is the very early days of ILM. 879 00:49:45,690 --> 00:49:49,736 That year I think there were only two nominations, 880 00:49:49,819 --> 00:49:53,114 -Raiders and this. -Raiders of the Lost Ark, right? 881 00:49:53,781 --> 00:49:56,910 And you lost to Raiders that year. 882 00:49:56,993 --> 00:49:59,621 But, I think that, yes, you're right. 883 00:49:59,704 --> 00:50:04,959 This is at the eclosion, the big bang of ILM, 884 00:50:05,043 --> 00:50:10,340 and this is a large part, proving that they could be used in that manner. 885 00:50:10,423 --> 00:50:11,424 Now we come back. 886 00:50:11,508 --> 00:50:13,968 This is such a touching element because-- 887 00:50:15,220 --> 00:50:20,183 I mean, very much like the generations in the '60s and '70s 888 00:50:20,266 --> 00:50:25,230 that really thought youth-- thought, "We will fix this." 889 00:50:25,313 --> 00:50:28,900 This character of the princess, to me, has that. 890 00:50:29,484 --> 00:50:30,818 It has that commitment. 891 00:50:30,902 --> 00:50:33,488 She says, "I will right this wrong." 892 00:50:33,571 --> 00:50:36,157 And there is an undercurrent of pessimism 893 00:50:36,241 --> 00:50:39,118 and brutality in the movie that says, "No." 894 00:50:39,619 --> 00:50:46,334 And it's embodied by one of the most shocking images in fantasy movies, ever, 895 00:50:46,417 --> 00:50:49,462 which is the baby dragons eating the princess. 896 00:50:49,546 --> 00:50:51,756 I mean, please, Matthew. 897 00:50:51,839 --> 00:50:53,424 I know, but I-- 898 00:50:53,508 --> 00:50:55,552 I've heard about it. People ask me about it. 899 00:50:55,635 --> 00:51:00,139 And I feel almost helpless when asked to analyze it 900 00:51:00,223 --> 00:51:03,184 -because again, I-- -You don't have to, but you created it. 901 00:51:03,268 --> 00:51:06,271 I created it, and was working with Hal just off instinct. 902 00:51:06,354 --> 00:51:08,856 It seemed to be what was necessary, you know, 903 00:51:08,940 --> 00:51:11,609 if you're going to make this real and sufficiently horrifying. 904 00:51:11,693 --> 00:51:15,780 Not to exploit, 905 00:51:16,906 --> 00:51:19,325 -you know, and shock the audiences... -No, no. 906 00:51:19,409 --> 00:51:21,744 ...but to deal with what would be the reality 907 00:51:21,828 --> 00:51:24,455 of putting people in this horrible position. 908 00:51:24,998 --> 00:51:25,999 But there is-- 909 00:51:26,082 --> 00:51:28,710 I mean, we will get to that, and there will be that image, 910 00:51:28,793 --> 00:51:30,420 but there is-- 911 00:51:30,503 --> 00:51:32,589 Directing is decision-making, right? 912 00:51:32,672 --> 00:51:34,799 It's-- We have-- 913 00:51:34,882 --> 00:51:37,802 Just like there are a limited number of notes, 914 00:51:37,885 --> 00:51:44,392 and they can go from a jingle on a Corn Flakes commercial to a symphony, 915 00:51:44,475 --> 00:51:45,602 and they're the same notes, 916 00:51:45,685 --> 00:51:49,480 the decisions of a filmmaker are a few dozen decisions. 917 00:51:49,564 --> 00:51:55,069 And you decide to show the princess gleefully being masticated 918 00:51:56,321 --> 00:51:57,739 by the baby dragons. 919 00:51:57,822 --> 00:51:59,741 And there is-- And knowing you 920 00:51:59,824 --> 00:52:05,288 and knowing the partnership you had with Hal is very significant. 921 00:52:05,371 --> 00:52:08,207 -Yeah. -And you were not yin and yang, 922 00:52:08,291 --> 00:52:11,210 but you complemented each other 923 00:52:11,294 --> 00:52:17,216 in that you executed that image you conjured on the page 924 00:52:17,300 --> 00:52:18,551 in that manner. 925 00:52:18,635 --> 00:52:19,969 And this is-- 926 00:52:20,053 --> 00:52:22,180 When the dragon attacks here, 927 00:52:22,263 --> 00:52:26,309 I'm so reminded of Smaug attacking Lake-town in The Hobbit. 928 00:52:26,392 --> 00:52:29,020 It has the same apocalyptic feel. 929 00:52:29,103 --> 00:52:32,565 Well, we were very influenced by that. There's no question. That's not a secret. 930 00:52:32,649 --> 00:52:33,650 Yeah. 931 00:52:34,609 --> 00:52:36,361 But I also like-- 932 00:52:37,111 --> 00:52:42,367 I like the idea that you had this partnership that lasted long, 933 00:52:42,450 --> 00:52:44,118 and significantly so. 934 00:52:44,994 --> 00:52:46,663 Tell me a little bit about Hal. 935 00:52:46,746 --> 00:52:52,210 Hal? Well, Hal was somebody I'd met at film school. 936 00:52:52,293 --> 00:52:54,754 He was a star of the animation department. 937 00:52:54,837 --> 00:52:59,801 He was a designer and director of his own animated films. 938 00:52:59,884 --> 00:53:06,557 But the two of us were working at the same small film company, 939 00:53:06,641 --> 00:53:09,143 Graphic Films, and fell into conversation and-- 940 00:53:09,227 --> 00:53:11,521 -What was that company? Tell me. -Graphic Films. 941 00:53:11,604 --> 00:53:13,189 Which did what? 942 00:53:13,272 --> 00:53:17,360 They made educational and industrial films. 943 00:53:17,443 --> 00:53:20,029 And Doug Trumbull started his career there. 944 00:53:20,113 --> 00:53:22,240 And most significantly, 945 00:53:22,323 --> 00:53:26,828 for followers of Graphic Films and footnotes to movie history, 946 00:53:26,911 --> 00:53:29,455 Ralph McQuarrie worked for them. 947 00:53:29,539 --> 00:53:34,669 They were doing films for Boeing, I think it was, in Seattle. 948 00:53:34,752 --> 00:53:36,629 I remember this company was very significant 949 00:53:36,713 --> 00:53:42,427 in sort of the x-axis of ILM effects, blah, blah, blah. 950 00:53:42,510 --> 00:53:46,139 And Hal and I spent so much time talking about movies, 951 00:53:46,222 --> 00:53:48,349 we decided to start writing movies together, 952 00:53:48,433 --> 00:53:49,934 and we put ourselves through-- 953 00:53:50,727 --> 00:53:52,603 So you talked about it and... 954 00:53:52,687 --> 00:53:56,774 And we wrote many movies which were maybe, mercifully, unproduced, 955 00:53:56,858 --> 00:53:59,110 but we taught ourselves what movie writing was. 956 00:53:59,193 --> 00:54:03,364 And the sixth screenplay we wrote together was Sugarland Express, 957 00:54:03,448 --> 00:54:06,993 which Steven Spielberg went on to make early in his career. 958 00:54:07,076 --> 00:54:13,166 And we began having a literary partnership here in Hollywood, 959 00:54:13,249 --> 00:54:16,335 even though we lived up north in Northern California. 960 00:54:16,419 --> 00:54:19,797 This is Ian McDiarmid, who, of course, went on to notoriety. 961 00:54:19,881 --> 00:54:22,049 -The emperor. Yes. -Yes. 962 00:54:23,176 --> 00:54:26,262 But he serves a similar function here. 963 00:54:26,345 --> 00:54:30,683 -Yes, the ego. -The false, egomaniacal leader. 964 00:54:31,976 --> 00:54:34,270 Full of himself, certainly. 965 00:54:34,353 --> 00:54:36,689 Okay, so Hal and you-- 966 00:54:37,899 --> 00:54:43,029 What-- If you remember, this screenplay was, what, number 20th, 967 00:54:43,112 --> 00:54:45,448 -or well into it? -No. Well into it. 968 00:54:45,531 --> 00:54:48,326 But it must have been, maybe, screenplay number ten. 969 00:54:48,409 --> 00:54:51,954 Yeah. And I think-- 970 00:54:52,038 --> 00:54:56,709 How would you define Hal, in opposition or in composition with you? 971 00:54:59,545 --> 00:55:03,382 Highly knowledgeable. Very well-read. 972 00:55:03,466 --> 00:55:06,844 Blessed with a frightening photographic memory. 973 00:55:06,928 --> 00:55:09,806 Absolutely able to retrieve facts and dates. 974 00:55:09,889 --> 00:55:14,852 And also a good tennis player. 975 00:55:14,936 --> 00:55:19,440 Also, very much like me, very reluctant to do things in the morning. 976 00:55:19,524 --> 00:55:22,568 You know, so a lot of time wasting, 977 00:55:22,652 --> 00:55:26,614 a lot of playing with and building of kites, playing of darts, 978 00:55:26,697 --> 00:55:30,284 until a post-lunch panic that we hadn't gotten down to work 979 00:55:30,368 --> 00:55:32,662 and then getting very, very involved. 980 00:55:32,745 --> 00:55:36,374 And also, very talented with regard to, as we were talking about earlier, 981 00:55:36,457 --> 00:55:37,875 -the structure of the movie. -Yes. 982 00:55:37,959 --> 00:55:41,838 It was his idea to, not only lay out the movie on the cards, 983 00:55:41,921 --> 00:55:44,966 but to put the cards in certain colors 984 00:55:45,049 --> 00:55:47,552 to make sure when you stood back across the room 985 00:55:47,635 --> 00:55:49,554 and look at the color of those cards, 986 00:55:49,637 --> 00:55:51,222 -the flow of the story. -Yes. 987 00:55:51,305 --> 00:55:56,394 And we would have blue cards for action and pink cards for love scenes, 988 00:55:56,477 --> 00:55:59,564 and look at the distribution of those things 989 00:55:59,647 --> 00:56:02,733 and you have a sense of the tempo of the movie. 990 00:56:02,817 --> 00:56:04,235 And you can move it around. 991 00:56:04,318 --> 00:56:05,820 And you must. 992 00:56:06,571 --> 00:56:08,614 The last thing you want to do is to get involved 993 00:56:08,698 --> 00:56:11,158 and fall in love with the pages and the dialogue that you write, 994 00:56:11,242 --> 00:56:15,413 finally finding that you have to throw it away because it's too slow. 995 00:56:16,372 --> 00:56:18,666 Sorry to disturb you, but come on, man. 996 00:56:18,749 --> 00:56:20,334 Oh, my God. 997 00:56:20,418 --> 00:56:23,254 I mean, it's just perfect. 998 00:56:23,838 --> 00:56:27,258 I mean, I tell you, the staging-- 999 00:56:27,341 --> 00:56:30,595 Your staging is great, but this-- Oh, my God. 1000 00:56:31,637 --> 00:56:33,222 That's a live shot, yeah. 1001 00:56:33,306 --> 00:56:36,017 It's so beautiful, the giant crane head. 1002 00:56:37,643 --> 00:56:41,772 I mean, for those that don't know and we should tell-- 1003 00:56:41,856 --> 00:56:44,775 And this aerial. Here it comes. There you go. 1004 00:56:44,859 --> 00:56:49,030 That's the first frontal, and you make him into a shish kebab. 1005 00:56:50,072 --> 00:56:53,743 Which is, again, a decision you made to bring grittiness. 1006 00:56:55,244 --> 00:56:58,956 Just to clarify us, just for a moment, 1007 00:56:59,040 --> 00:57:01,500 Matthew and I have written-- Oh, look at this. 1008 00:57:01,584 --> 00:57:03,336 Oh, dear God. 1009 00:57:03,419 --> 00:57:06,380 We have written, how many, about ten screenplays? 1010 00:57:06,464 --> 00:57:07,715 Yeah, ten screenplays. 1011 00:57:07,798 --> 00:57:11,135 And so we've gone through the process. 1012 00:57:11,636 --> 00:57:14,013 We've gone through the process of the cards, and this and that, 1013 00:57:14,096 --> 00:57:17,642 and I think one of the things I like the most about this movie 1014 00:57:17,725 --> 00:57:19,435 is the way it's structured. 1015 00:57:20,686 --> 00:57:21,812 Because-- 1016 00:57:21,896 --> 00:57:25,483 And here is what I love, and I call it paradoxical. 1017 00:57:25,566 --> 00:57:26,817 Look at that image. 1018 00:57:27,610 --> 00:57:29,779 -That's Ken Ralston. -Oh, my God. 1019 00:57:31,322 --> 00:57:33,950 -The beauty of analogue effects. -Yeah. 1020 00:57:34,033 --> 00:57:35,451 The beauty of analogue effects, 1021 00:57:35,534 --> 00:57:39,038 combined, wisely, with certain elements that are electronic, 1022 00:57:39,121 --> 00:57:43,250 like repeatable moves, the Go-Motion thing. 1023 00:57:43,334 --> 00:57:45,378 We'll talk about that in a second. 1024 00:57:45,461 --> 00:57:49,382 But what I love about this movie is that at the same time, 1025 00:57:50,508 --> 00:57:51,968 it says, 1026 00:57:53,386 --> 00:57:56,222 "Maybe the world is both magical and terrible at the same time." 1027 00:57:56,305 --> 00:57:58,557 -That's the DNA of the movie. -At the same time. 1028 00:57:58,641 --> 00:57:59,892 Yeah. That's-- 1029 00:57:59,976 --> 00:58:03,646 And because nobody controls the magic. 1030 00:58:03,729 --> 00:58:07,608 It's kind of, A, a cheap trick, and, B, miraculous. 1031 00:58:07,692 --> 00:58:09,902 It is both things at the same time. 1032 00:58:09,986 --> 00:58:13,280 And you end up, very pointedly, with an image 1033 00:58:13,364 --> 00:58:15,741 of the possibility of magic and all that. 1034 00:58:15,825 --> 00:58:21,539 And it's structured in a way that is discursive. 1035 00:58:21,622 --> 00:58:27,336 It makes its point, it expands upon it and ultimately closes the argument. 1036 00:58:28,212 --> 00:58:31,799 When you started this screenplay... 1037 00:58:34,385 --> 00:58:36,887 -you wrote it as a spec, correct? -Yes. 1038 00:58:36,971 --> 00:58:39,682 So you had no hopes of it being made? 1039 00:58:40,349 --> 00:58:43,185 -Did you know it was gonna be sold? -No. No. 1040 00:58:43,269 --> 00:58:46,022 Or it's an exercise? Tell me about that. 1041 00:58:46,939 --> 00:58:51,402 Again, we were still, I guess, in the early stages of a writing career. 1042 00:58:51,485 --> 00:58:55,865 A spec, by the way, is a screenplay you write especially-- 1043 00:58:56,699 --> 00:58:58,534 -Not on commission. -Nobody commissioned it. 1044 00:58:58,617 --> 00:59:00,369 No, we just wrote it because we got excited 1045 00:59:00,453 --> 00:59:04,457 about the potential of the material, potential of executing it through ILM 1046 00:59:04,540 --> 00:59:07,460 and our enthusiasm for the Tolkien world. 1047 00:59:07,543 --> 00:59:10,546 We immersed ourselves in Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit. 1048 00:59:11,088 --> 00:59:13,966 And so you get-- It's like a-- It's still true today, 1049 00:59:14,050 --> 00:59:16,552 when you come up with an idea for a movie, you have to really examine it. 1050 00:59:16,635 --> 00:59:20,056 Is there enough there to keep what we could call the long breadth, 1051 00:59:20,139 --> 00:59:21,265 a two-hour story? 1052 00:59:21,348 --> 00:59:25,311 Is there enough? And this was screaming, "Yes. Yes, yes, yes." 1053 00:59:25,394 --> 00:59:27,563 And we just couldn't really not write it. 1054 00:59:27,646 --> 00:59:32,777 So it was an instinct just to go in this direction. 1055 00:59:32,860 --> 00:59:34,737 And it was written out of enthusiasm. 1056 00:59:34,820 --> 00:59:37,114 The reality of selling it-- 1057 00:59:39,575 --> 00:59:43,245 We were too young to have confronted the fact that we could be turned down. 1058 00:59:43,329 --> 00:59:45,956 There were various studios that were not interested. 1059 00:59:46,040 --> 00:59:47,083 -Immediately. -Immediately. 1060 00:59:47,166 --> 00:59:49,418 But it turned out, in this instance, 1061 00:59:49,502 --> 00:59:52,963 that the two studios, both Paramount and Disney, 1062 00:59:53,047 --> 00:59:56,092 had attempted to capitalize on the phenomena 1063 00:59:56,175 --> 00:59:59,637 -of the Dungeons & Dragons fad... -Yes. 1064 00:59:59,720 --> 01:00:02,723 ...that was reaching a climax. 1065 01:00:02,807 --> 01:00:06,477 And they had both had screenplays written 1066 01:00:06,560 --> 01:00:10,523 and they were dissatisfied with whatever had been produced for them. 1067 01:00:10,606 --> 01:00:12,608 And here comes this thing over their desks. 1068 01:00:12,691 --> 01:00:14,944 It was simultaneous submissions. 1069 01:00:15,027 --> 01:00:18,322 And they discovered that they were both interested in our material. 1070 01:00:18,405 --> 01:00:22,952 And Jeff Berg at ICM was our agent, 1071 01:00:23,035 --> 01:00:25,579 and he called and said, "We have interest from both studios 1072 01:00:25,663 --> 01:00:27,498 and they would like to discuss a collaboration." 1073 01:00:27,581 --> 01:00:30,126 -It was very unusual for-- Yeah. -Very unusual. 1074 01:00:30,209 --> 01:00:35,089 Now, you have this part, "the forging of the weapon"... 1075 01:00:35,172 --> 01:00:36,423 -Yes. Yes. -...quote, unquote, 1076 01:00:36,507 --> 01:00:39,510 which is elemental in the sagas. 1077 01:00:39,593 --> 01:00:40,845 In every saga. 1078 01:00:40,928 --> 01:00:44,598 Not only are we talking about Tolkien, but the Nordic sagas. 1079 01:00:45,099 --> 01:00:50,896 Whether it's a sword or a blade that will be named 1080 01:00:50,980 --> 01:00:53,649 and that is unique in the world. 1081 01:00:53,732 --> 01:00:56,902 No other metal is like it, and so on and so forth. 1082 01:00:56,986 --> 01:01:02,158 Did you and Hal, or Hal or you, read the sagas? 1083 01:01:03,075 --> 01:01:06,245 We were both aware, absolutely. The Arthurian sagas, absolutely. 1084 01:01:06,328 --> 01:01:11,542 Not only that, the Nordic sagas like the Nibelungs, and this and that. 1085 01:01:11,625 --> 01:01:15,296 Well, awareness, yes. I can't say that I've read any-- 1086 01:01:15,379 --> 01:01:16,672 But probably Hal did. 1087 01:01:16,755 --> 01:01:18,090 I wouldn't be surprised. 1088 01:01:19,842 --> 01:01:20,843 'Cause this is-- 1089 01:01:20,926 --> 01:01:23,470 And then in juxtaposition, you have this. 1090 01:01:23,554 --> 01:01:27,683 My fascination with the lottery is that, 1091 01:01:27,766 --> 01:01:32,813 like every other ritual that is rigged, it has great ceremony. 1092 01:01:32,897 --> 01:01:34,982 -Right, formality. -Formality, 1093 01:01:35,065 --> 01:01:38,569 and basically is well-orchestrated bullshit. 1094 01:01:39,069 --> 01:01:42,573 Which all of politics are well-orchestrated bullshit 1095 01:01:42,656 --> 01:01:45,492 and lies that we have agreed upon, 1096 01:01:45,576 --> 01:01:50,247 but there is no reason to be, there is no rhyme, 1097 01:01:50,331 --> 01:01:52,541 but we pretend and we follow that. 1098 01:01:52,625 --> 01:01:54,251 It reminds me-- 1099 01:01:55,044 --> 01:01:58,839 There's also a religious vibe to it as well. 1100 01:01:58,923 --> 01:02:00,841 There's almost a priestly function 1101 01:02:00,925 --> 01:02:02,343 -that's going on here. -Yes. 1102 01:02:02,426 --> 01:02:05,471 And the ceremonial aspect 1103 01:02:05,554 --> 01:02:07,973 and the implication, the way this is staged 1104 01:02:08,057 --> 01:02:11,894 and the way he does it-- coming up here in a moment-- 1105 01:02:11,977 --> 01:02:15,564 Is as if a priest is, you know-- 1106 01:02:15,648 --> 01:02:19,193 Communion or all these aspects are-- 1107 01:02:19,276 --> 01:02:21,487 -The seal, the chain. -Yes, exactly. 1108 01:02:21,570 --> 01:02:23,197 -Right, heavy. -Yeah, it has a-- 1109 01:02:23,280 --> 01:02:24,907 The opening of the envelope. 1110 01:02:25,866 --> 01:02:27,534 "And the loser is..." 1111 01:02:27,618 --> 01:02:29,828 Also, they participate. They tell him to stir the tiles. 1112 01:02:29,912 --> 01:02:32,456 They've all done this. This is part of their life as a community. 1113 01:02:32,539 --> 01:02:33,999 -They've subscribed to it. -I wonder, 1114 01:02:34,083 --> 01:02:37,544 and I'm sure this sounds almost pejoratively 1115 01:02:37,628 --> 01:02:41,006 but, you know, obviously when-- 1116 01:02:42,299 --> 01:02:45,886 The Lottery by Shirley Jackson comes to mind. 1117 01:02:46,595 --> 01:02:49,723 -I was very much aware of that, of course. -Yeah. 1118 01:02:49,807 --> 01:02:52,268 And the fact that-- 1119 01:02:53,310 --> 01:02:56,897 I mean, this is a crucial moment for the princess. 1120 01:02:56,981 --> 01:03:01,485 And again, to me, it's a very moving character. 1121 01:03:02,069 --> 01:03:03,237 A very dignified character. 1122 01:03:03,320 --> 01:03:05,072 There's a lot of things going on in this scene, too, 1123 01:03:05,155 --> 01:03:07,908 because Valerian becomes aware of the princess 1124 01:03:07,992 --> 01:03:10,744 as a charismatic character in her own right, 1125 01:03:10,828 --> 01:03:16,792 and that there might be a fascination for the Peter MacNicol character for her, 1126 01:03:16,875 --> 01:03:19,670 so that's a subtext in the middle of all this drama. 1127 01:03:19,753 --> 01:03:22,881 Yes. And the casting of the king is perfect. 1128 01:03:22,965 --> 01:03:24,925 -He's a wonderful actor. -He's a wonderful actor, 1129 01:03:25,009 --> 01:03:27,344 -and he has all that... -Peter Eyre, yeah. 1130 01:03:28,304 --> 01:03:30,764 ...blue blood, stiff upper lip. 1131 01:03:32,224 --> 01:03:38,063 I mean, he's remote, arrogant, aloof, powerful, all of that. 1132 01:03:38,147 --> 01:03:40,190 Yeah, this is a beautiful moment. 1133 01:03:40,274 --> 01:03:42,609 Again, I want to talk about your staging, Matthew. 1134 01:03:43,193 --> 01:03:44,194 There's a lot-- 1135 01:03:44,278 --> 01:03:49,658 Obviously, you came up in the same generation 1136 01:03:49,742 --> 01:03:51,410 as Steven Spielberg and George, 1137 01:03:51,493 --> 01:03:57,499 and there is a classical beauty to your staging. 1138 01:03:59,084 --> 01:04:00,502 Tell me a little bit about-- 1139 01:04:00,586 --> 01:04:06,008 When I was studying at USC Cinema and I was, 1140 01:04:06,091 --> 01:04:10,512 like a lot of the young film students at that time, fascinated with shots. 1141 01:04:11,263 --> 01:04:15,434 Shots, composition, long lenses and graphics. 1142 01:04:15,517 --> 01:04:17,394 -Yes. -The idea of staging, 1143 01:04:17,478 --> 01:04:18,979 I had hardly been aware of it. 1144 01:04:19,563 --> 01:04:21,023 I didn't understand it. 1145 01:04:21,106 --> 01:04:23,734 And it was when I was-- 1146 01:04:24,610 --> 01:04:25,986 I was in-- 1147 01:04:26,070 --> 01:04:29,782 The American Film Institute put me in an apprenticeship 1148 01:04:29,865 --> 01:04:32,326 -with the director Irvin Kershner... -Yes. 1149 01:04:32,409 --> 01:04:36,246 ...who later, of course, went on to great fame with The Empire Strikes Back. 1150 01:04:36,330 --> 01:04:40,793 But I was an intern with him on a movie he made in New York called Loving. 1151 01:04:41,377 --> 01:04:42,378 Tremendous movie. 1152 01:04:42,461 --> 01:04:46,673 And he said to me, "Come with me. We're gonna go look at locations." 1153 01:04:46,757 --> 01:04:49,802 And he would lay out the scenes where the camera would be, 1154 01:04:49,885 --> 01:04:51,720 and he said, "Okay, walk here and the camera's going"-- 1155 01:04:51,804 --> 01:04:53,764 And I learned from him. 1156 01:04:54,473 --> 01:04:57,101 He was also a tough intellect. 1157 01:04:57,184 --> 01:04:59,978 Oh, God, he was very, very demanding. 1158 01:05:00,854 --> 01:05:04,400 Almost a Talmudic rabbinical presence about him, you know, 1159 01:05:04,483 --> 01:05:07,069 and very much my mentor. 1160 01:05:07,152 --> 01:05:10,280 And so I'm very, very happy to hear that you were impressed by the staging, 1161 01:05:10,364 --> 01:05:12,241 because anything that I learned about staging-- 1162 01:05:12,324 --> 01:05:15,369 This is still early in my career-- I had learned from him. 1163 01:05:15,452 --> 01:05:16,995 As to how to move the camera. 1164 01:05:17,079 --> 01:05:21,041 The camera is participating in the action. 1165 01:05:21,542 --> 01:05:24,211 And I really was-- 1166 01:05:25,129 --> 01:05:27,923 He was entirely responsible for opening that door to me, 1167 01:05:28,006 --> 01:05:30,008 as to the storytelling potential of staging. 1168 01:05:31,510 --> 01:05:33,720 Now the cinematography in this movie-- 1169 01:05:33,804 --> 01:05:38,517 I really think this movie is incredibly influential. 1170 01:05:39,518 --> 01:05:44,440 It has resonated, not only with the decade or two after it was done, 1171 01:05:44,523 --> 01:05:45,899 but well beyond that. 1172 01:05:46,859 --> 01:05:48,610 It was influential for me, for sure. 1173 01:05:49,611 --> 01:05:55,742 It was influential far beyond the idea of the design of the dragon and all that 1174 01:05:55,826 --> 01:05:57,244 and the modernity of it. 1175 01:05:57,327 --> 01:05:59,121 The cinematography. 1176 01:05:59,204 --> 01:06:02,291 Talk to me about this particular collaboration. 1177 01:06:02,374 --> 01:06:05,711 Derek Vanlint, he had made Alien, 1178 01:06:05,794 --> 01:06:08,505 which was a hugely influential and important film. 1179 01:06:08,589 --> 01:06:12,676 A groundbreaking film, in many ways, for a generation of English talent. 1180 01:06:13,510 --> 01:06:17,473 Ridley Scott, who is still going strong, was very much the exemplar of that. 1181 01:06:17,556 --> 01:06:21,268 Derek Vanlint was interested in this material and with working with me. 1182 01:06:21,351 --> 01:06:22,519 We got along very well. 1183 01:06:22,603 --> 01:06:24,980 He was very, very hard-driving. 1184 01:06:25,063 --> 01:06:27,608 Very, very demanding character. 1185 01:06:27,691 --> 01:06:31,111 -We had a good-- -Demanding on you or the rest? 1186 01:06:31,945 --> 01:06:33,530 -Well, sometimes with me. -Yeah. 1187 01:06:33,614 --> 01:06:37,201 -How old were you? You said 36. -But he was more experienced than I was. 1188 01:06:37,284 --> 01:06:38,619 He had shot for years. 1189 01:06:38,702 --> 01:06:42,039 And he-- 1190 01:06:42,122 --> 01:06:46,126 Again, this was an education for me as to what I could ask and where I-- 1191 01:06:46,210 --> 01:06:49,796 You know, if he invested in a setup, 1192 01:06:50,547 --> 01:06:54,593 you can't just simply change something without the consequences coming to you. 1193 01:06:54,676 --> 01:06:56,470 -Yes. -You know, you asked for this, 1194 01:06:56,553 --> 01:06:57,930 now this is what you're gonna get. 1195 01:06:58,013 --> 01:07:00,599 So I learned a lot from him in that regard. 1196 01:07:00,682 --> 01:07:03,560 Also, I learned about the use of more than one camera. 1197 01:07:03,644 --> 01:07:07,397 This was a movie that we had to have more than one camera. 1198 01:07:07,481 --> 01:07:10,609 -How long was the shoot? -I've forgotten how many days it was. 1199 01:07:10,692 --> 01:07:13,695 -Was it short? -No, no, it was quite a long schedule, 1200 01:07:13,779 --> 01:07:15,155 and it was very difficult. 1201 01:07:15,239 --> 01:07:17,032 We shot at Pinewood Studios, 1202 01:07:17,115 --> 01:07:19,159 but then we were on location in Northern Wales 1203 01:07:19,243 --> 01:07:21,453 and we went to the Isle of Skye at the end. 1204 01:07:21,537 --> 01:07:24,998 Now, you were saying earlier on, 1205 01:07:25,082 --> 01:07:28,919 we were shooting and ILM was hard at work. Yes. 1206 01:07:29,002 --> 01:07:33,757 The norm back then-- and that was the way Star Wars was shot-- 1207 01:07:33,840 --> 01:07:37,928 George shot all the live-action portion and then came back 1208 01:07:38,428 --> 01:07:41,390 and then they shot miniatures and so forth. 1209 01:07:41,473 --> 01:07:46,228 And in your case, you come back to Phil Tippett at ILM, 1210 01:07:46,311 --> 01:07:49,106 and you come back with a world that they can see. 1211 01:07:49,189 --> 01:07:52,067 They can see the world, they can see the way you lit it, 1212 01:07:52,150 --> 01:07:53,485 the way you delivered-— 1213 01:07:53,569 --> 01:07:55,571 They came over. They were in-- 1214 01:07:55,654 --> 01:07:57,698 They came over for the-- I don't know, 1215 01:07:57,781 --> 01:08:03,787 you'd have to ask Dennis and Ken and Phil how long-- 1216 01:08:03,870 --> 01:08:07,291 I think Phil was there the longest. Phil was, you know-- 1217 01:08:07,374 --> 01:08:10,502 And so they were very aware of what was being generated. 1218 01:08:10,586 --> 01:08:14,381 I thought they, as I recall, expressed a lot of enthusiasm 1219 01:08:15,090 --> 01:08:19,344 for the world that Derek Vanlint was lighting 1220 01:08:19,428 --> 01:08:21,763 and that Elliot Scott had designed. 1221 01:08:21,847 --> 01:08:25,142 This was really very, very exciting stuff for them. 1222 01:08:25,225 --> 01:08:29,104 They had been on the Star Wars set, 1223 01:08:29,187 --> 01:08:31,773 and this is such another opportunity. 1224 01:08:31,857 --> 01:08:35,152 I think it was a very rich experience for them. 1225 01:08:35,235 --> 01:08:39,906 And you already shot the dragon puppet. 1226 01:08:39,990 --> 01:08:44,453 -Now there's the full-scale. -The full-scale. Absolutely. 1227 01:08:45,412 --> 01:08:48,999 Didn't you shoot the princess and the baby dragons later? 1228 01:08:49,082 --> 01:08:50,083 No. 1229 01:08:50,167 --> 01:08:52,461 -It was in the body of the shoot? -Yes. 1230 01:08:52,544 --> 01:08:58,050 So all those decisions have been made, and now you have parceled and boarded... 1231 01:09:00,636 --> 01:09:02,137 -the main sequences. -Yes. 1232 01:09:02,220 --> 01:09:04,556 -And Phil knew-- -Yeah. 1233 01:09:04,640 --> 01:09:08,268 Like, we are way deep into the movie now 1234 01:09:08,352 --> 01:09:11,229 and there's been only a handful of shots by Phil. 1235 01:09:11,855 --> 01:09:13,732 The flying dragon and so forth. 1236 01:09:13,815 --> 01:09:14,983 That's Ken. 1237 01:09:15,067 --> 01:09:17,736 -That's Ken, the animation, all that? -Yeah. 1238 01:09:17,819 --> 01:09:19,613 All the flying dragon is Ken Ralston. 1239 01:09:19,696 --> 01:09:22,282 -And all the walking dragon is Phil? -Yeah. 1240 01:09:22,908 --> 01:09:27,621 I think that's interesting, because you do feel-- 1241 01:09:29,081 --> 01:09:30,874 the dynamic is different. 1242 01:09:31,625 --> 01:09:35,003 Like, there is a beauty and an elegance to the flying dragon 1243 01:09:35,587 --> 01:09:41,093 that is probably necessary for the more effort-ridden and-- 1244 01:09:41,760 --> 01:09:44,680 It's almost like the dragon on land feels older. 1245 01:09:45,263 --> 01:09:46,682 -Well-- -You know what I'm saying? 1246 01:09:46,765 --> 01:09:49,226 It's being compelled to inhabit a-- 1247 01:09:49,309 --> 01:09:51,561 You know, it's like a bat. 1248 01:09:51,645 --> 01:09:53,897 You know, it's just a-- 1249 01:09:53,980 --> 01:09:57,651 It's a deliberate, intentionally, difficult situation, 1250 01:09:57,734 --> 01:10:00,696 and yet it survives underground and it's got to accommodate that. 1251 01:10:00,779 --> 01:10:04,199 So when it's flying, it's got all that grace, 1252 01:10:04,282 --> 01:10:06,118 -but when it's underground-- -That's it. 1253 01:10:06,201 --> 01:10:09,538 And I think that that's what is very wise. 1254 01:10:09,621 --> 01:10:11,373 -Did you think about it? -Yes. 1255 01:10:11,456 --> 01:10:13,583 That Ken would deliver a different-- 1256 01:10:13,667 --> 01:10:18,547 Well, Ken, of course, was eager to have the dragon fly with the wings, 1257 01:10:18,630 --> 01:10:20,048 that we're going to animate them. 1258 01:10:20,132 --> 01:10:23,760 And I felt that whenever he was being asked to do that, it was laboring, 1259 01:10:23,844 --> 01:10:25,011 and I didn't like it. 1260 01:10:25,721 --> 01:10:29,766 I felt that the grace of the eagle-like swooping 1261 01:10:29,850 --> 01:10:31,601 with a minimum of wing movement, 1262 01:10:31,685 --> 01:10:34,521 and the power that was inherent in that. 1263 01:10:34,604 --> 01:10:39,818 And I was constantly asking him to back off on the action of the wings, 1264 01:10:39,901 --> 01:10:41,194 keep them to a minimum. 1265 01:10:41,278 --> 01:10:45,490 Show us the effortlessness with which this thing can come out of the skies, gliding. 1266 01:10:45,574 --> 01:10:46,992 -It's like gliding. -Yeah. 1267 01:10:47,075 --> 01:10:51,913 And that makes it almost supernatural. 1268 01:10:51,997 --> 01:10:53,206 -Here we go. -Yeah. 1269 01:10:55,751 --> 01:10:57,878 Well, it will be coming soon. 1270 01:10:58,503 --> 01:11:02,257 I think that that was a beautiful decision, 1271 01:11:02,799 --> 01:11:06,011 and when you work with-- 1272 01:11:06,094 --> 01:11:11,975 'Cause Ken had it mounted on a repeatable movement arm, right? 1273 01:11:12,058 --> 01:11:13,685 -Yes. Yes. -Yeah. 1274 01:11:15,854 --> 01:11:17,564 Trying to think back technically. 1275 01:11:17,647 --> 01:11:21,026 It's 40 years ago, I'm trying to remember. 1276 01:11:21,109 --> 01:11:25,739 I think it synchronized with a motion-controlled camera. I think. 1277 01:11:26,990 --> 01:11:30,535 I mean, it's been a while since I cracked open my Cinefex. 1278 01:11:30,619 --> 01:11:33,747 I'm still in touch with him. I could actually get him to find out the answer, 1279 01:11:33,830 --> 01:11:35,373 but it's too late for today. 1280 01:11:35,457 --> 01:11:37,626 I mean, I remember the way-- 1281 01:11:37,709 --> 01:11:42,047 My Cinefex issue on Dragonslayer is stained 1282 01:11:42,130 --> 01:11:45,592 with clay and oils from my sculpting, 1283 01:11:45,675 --> 01:11:48,887 and I would open my Cinefex on my sculpting stand, 1284 01:11:48,970 --> 01:11:51,765 and just sculpt something different, 1285 01:11:51,848 --> 01:11:54,184 but I was very inspired by this, and-- 1286 01:11:54,935 --> 01:11:57,562 -Look at this. Look at this beautiful-- -Yeah, North Wales. 1287 01:11:57,646 --> 01:12:02,776 Was there any painter that inspired you in the research of this? 1288 01:12:02,859 --> 01:12:04,194 Any fine painter? 1289 01:12:04,778 --> 01:12:08,114 Well, the Pre-Raphaelites, in a way, 'cause of the costuming and the-- 1290 01:12:08,698 --> 01:12:10,659 -Like Rossetti and so forth. -Yes. 1291 01:12:11,827 --> 01:12:15,038 And were you-- Being in London, 1292 01:12:15,121 --> 01:12:17,791 -did you go to the Tate gallery? -Oh, yes. 1293 01:12:17,874 --> 01:12:18,875 -Oh, yeah? -Yes. 1294 01:12:18,959 --> 01:12:22,087 So, because there is a graphic-- 1295 01:12:22,170 --> 01:12:24,589 -I mean, I'm always-- The DNA. -The DNA. 1296 01:12:24,673 --> 01:12:27,300 I'm always reminded, and I'm sure this is accidental, 1297 01:12:27,384 --> 01:12:32,347 but I'm always reminded of Arthur Rackham when I look at this movie. 1298 01:12:32,430 --> 01:12:36,810 And the landscapes, the golden age of Victorian-- 1299 01:12:36,893 --> 01:12:39,271 -Hal and I were big fans of Rackham. -Rackham. 1300 01:12:39,354 --> 01:12:40,480 -Absolutely. -Yeah. 1301 01:12:40,564 --> 01:12:41,940 You can feel the Rackham-- 1302 01:12:42,023 --> 01:12:45,652 And again, this DNA extends all the way to Pan's Labyrinth, 1303 01:12:45,735 --> 01:12:49,322 which is very Rackham-esque in a strange way. 1304 01:12:49,406 --> 01:12:54,327 I tried to make the faun feel like an Arthur Rackham creature, and so forth. 1305 01:12:55,078 --> 01:12:57,205 But you can feel it in your compositions, 1306 01:12:57,289 --> 01:12:59,541 and it's at the same time modern 1307 01:12:59,624 --> 01:13:03,920 and at the same time, it honors all this tradition. 1308 01:13:04,004 --> 01:13:08,592 When you were shooting, did you start on the location 1309 01:13:08,675 --> 01:13:11,678 or did you start on set, on studio? 1310 01:13:12,387 --> 01:13:16,141 We started on location. 1311 01:13:16,224 --> 01:13:22,522 We started in Wales at the castle, 1312 01:13:23,189 --> 01:13:24,983 -Ulrich's castle... -Uh-huh. 1313 01:13:26,067 --> 01:13:29,404 ...which is an existing castle that Elliot Scott then dressed, 1314 01:13:29,487 --> 01:13:33,867 and he made a courtyard and he made the gates, and he made it-- 1315 01:13:33,950 --> 01:13:36,745 -And he then-- -He built around it. 1316 01:13:36,828 --> 01:13:39,497 He built around it, and then for the interiors, 1317 01:13:39,581 --> 01:13:43,585 he used this implied space of that actual castle 1318 01:13:43,668 --> 01:13:48,381 to design the conjuring room and the other interior spaces 1319 01:13:48,465 --> 01:13:50,508 so that it had that instinctive credibility. 1320 01:13:50,592 --> 01:13:55,597 It's very much-- I appreciated it, Guillermo, after the fact. 1321 01:13:55,680 --> 01:13:59,225 -I know. -It was so early in my career. 1322 01:13:59,309 --> 01:14:01,269 Things were being given to me that I-- 1323 01:14:01,353 --> 01:14:03,813 It turned out they were gifts from the gods. 1324 01:14:03,897 --> 01:14:06,066 -You don't realize it when you're young. -No, no. 1325 01:14:06,149 --> 01:14:09,736 I was too young and, you know, too excited 1326 01:14:09,819 --> 01:14:14,658 and also too naive, in a way, to understand what was-- 1327 01:14:14,741 --> 01:14:18,954 Well, and the reason I'm going to that-- and this is important for me-- 1328 01:14:20,288 --> 01:14:22,248 For anyone listening to the commentary, 1329 01:14:22,332 --> 01:14:26,711 and we say every directorial thing is a decision 1330 01:14:26,795 --> 01:14:28,755 and is a sum of decisions. 1331 01:14:28,838 --> 01:14:32,467 And you never decide linearly. 1332 01:14:32,550 --> 01:14:36,554 You started on the exteriors, you defined-- 1333 01:14:37,222 --> 01:14:39,474 You started on location, right? 1334 01:14:39,557 --> 01:14:42,769 And then you shoot all the location and then you have to-- 1335 01:14:42,852 --> 01:14:46,439 You already furnished half the house, 1336 01:14:46,523 --> 01:14:50,568 and now you have to furnish the rest of the house on the set, 1337 01:14:50,652 --> 01:14:54,739 and then you have to furnish what's left with the F/X unit. 1338 01:14:54,823 --> 01:14:58,702 Well, I was, after the fact, 1339 01:14:58,785 --> 01:15:02,455 made aware of the fact that Elliot Scott-- without telling me, 1340 01:15:02,539 --> 01:15:07,168 he had organized a vast department of designers to assist him. 1341 01:15:07,252 --> 01:15:10,005 He would create the designs, but things were going on. 1342 01:15:10,088 --> 01:15:13,925 The carving of the wooden elements, the posts and that. 1343 01:15:14,009 --> 01:15:15,010 -Astounding. -Right, right. 1344 01:15:15,093 --> 01:15:18,096 It's absolutely down to the smallest detail. 1345 01:15:18,722 --> 01:15:22,100 The use of parchment, the design of the torches. 1346 01:15:22,183 --> 01:15:25,854 It was all under his aegis, and he was very, very modest. 1347 01:15:25,937 --> 01:15:27,022 Very-- 1348 01:15:27,897 --> 01:15:30,233 It just happened like magic. 1349 01:15:30,316 --> 01:15:32,777 I know we went past it very rapidly, 1350 01:15:32,861 --> 01:15:38,366 but I'm always blown away by the smallest props in this movie. 1351 01:15:38,450 --> 01:15:42,078 One of the props that I'm the most taken with, 1352 01:15:42,162 --> 01:15:44,164 and you have to rewind or go back, 1353 01:15:44,247 --> 01:15:47,667 is the spoon that picks up the ashes. 1354 01:15:48,251 --> 01:15:50,045 It's absolutely-- 1355 01:15:50,128 --> 01:15:52,505 I mean, you know me. I'm an obsessive. 1356 01:15:52,589 --> 01:15:56,384 Prop and wardrobe and set design, that obsesses me. 1357 01:15:56,468 --> 01:15:58,803 I go, "That is the real spoon." 1358 01:15:58,887 --> 01:16:01,723 Now, what I was trying to say, Matthew, 1359 01:16:02,724 --> 01:16:06,227 this is your second movie? 1360 01:16:06,311 --> 01:16:07,353 -Yeah. -Yeah. 1361 01:16:07,437 --> 01:16:12,275 So here we are and it's a movie that is incredibly difficult to shoot. 1362 01:16:12,984 --> 01:16:16,863 If you told me, "I'm doing my 12th movie next," 1363 01:16:16,946 --> 01:16:20,700 then I would say, "It's a difficult movie." 1364 01:16:20,784 --> 01:16:24,871 I would be really afraid of tackling this 1365 01:16:24,954 --> 01:16:28,875 and you were very unexperienced, 1366 01:16:28,958 --> 01:16:31,836 and yet all these decisions fit into place, 1367 01:16:31,920 --> 01:16:34,172 as well as thematic and all that. 1368 01:16:34,255 --> 01:16:38,593 I think this is a remarkable second movie. 1369 01:16:38,676 --> 01:16:40,470 Well, thanks. Good to hear that. 1370 01:16:40,553 --> 01:16:45,683 What I was mostly obsessed with was bringing the characters to life. 1371 01:16:45,767 --> 01:16:49,270 I had discovered on Corvette Summer the joys of working with good actors. 1372 01:16:50,438 --> 01:16:51,898 Annie Potts. 1373 01:16:51,981 --> 01:16:54,859 -Annie Potts and Mark Hamill. Yes. -You discovered her basically. 1374 01:16:54,943 --> 01:16:58,863 And Mark Hamill, the two of them were such great collaborators with me. 1375 01:16:58,947 --> 01:17:01,699 And it was opening a door in that regard, too, 1376 01:17:01,783 --> 01:17:05,995 about what a movie director is doing, that element of collaboration. 1377 01:17:06,496 --> 01:17:11,251 And so I was focused on that, and I think, almost like Mickey Mouse, 1378 01:17:11,334 --> 01:17:14,879 blissfully unaware of the enormity of the undertaking. 1379 01:17:14,963 --> 01:17:17,257 And there were only a few days when I-- 1380 01:17:17,340 --> 01:17:20,552 Like when the hydraulics didn't work on that full-scale set-- 1381 01:17:20,635 --> 01:17:24,764 When I began to fear for what might result 1382 01:17:24,848 --> 01:17:29,269 if I couldn't keep control of this machine that was galloping along. 1383 01:17:29,352 --> 01:17:31,354 -Was your worst day, or... -Absolutely. 1384 01:17:31,437 --> 01:17:32,856 That was your worst day? 1385 01:17:32,939 --> 01:17:34,440 In all the movies that I've made, 1386 01:17:34,524 --> 01:17:37,777 that stands out as the single greatest nightmare. 1387 01:17:38,611 --> 01:17:44,200 I had never imagined a movie of this scale with everybody equipped with the boards 1388 01:17:44,284 --> 01:17:50,123 and the stuff having been built at Disney and sent by a 747 over to England, 1389 01:17:50,206 --> 01:17:51,749 that it wouldn't work. 1390 01:17:51,833 --> 01:17:57,505 And that, "We're very sorry. What would you like to do, sir? 1391 01:17:57,589 --> 01:17:59,674 -Mr. Robbins, it doesn't work." -Yeah, yeah. 1392 01:17:59,757 --> 01:18:01,843 And so the idea of improvising 1393 01:18:01,926 --> 01:18:04,095 as if we were shooting with an iPhone and your friends-- 1394 01:18:04,179 --> 01:18:05,847 See, that was a great reveal. 1395 01:18:05,930 --> 01:18:09,601 -That was a great reveal. -I was obsessed with reveals, Guillermo. 1396 01:18:09,684 --> 01:18:13,062 That is important because that's part of your staging. 1397 01:18:13,146 --> 01:18:15,982 Yes, that's very much on my mind. 1398 01:18:16,065 --> 01:18:19,360 In fact, the camera operator began to tease me about it on this movie. 1399 01:18:19,444 --> 01:18:22,155 He said, "All right, but where's the reveal, Matthew?" 1400 01:18:22,697 --> 01:18:25,783 Well, there's a great shot earlier on. 1401 01:18:25,867 --> 01:18:30,914 There's a great shot when Peter MacNicol throws the dagger, right? 1402 01:18:31,247 --> 01:18:35,418 And Ulrich picks it up and the camera goes down 1403 01:18:35,501 --> 01:18:38,880 and it becomes a vignette of the hands... 1404 01:18:38,963 --> 01:18:40,924 -Yes. -.. .transferring the knife. 1405 01:18:41,007 --> 01:18:45,136 I think your camerawork is really incredibly wise. 1406 01:18:45,220 --> 01:18:47,972 It's spatially compelling. 1407 01:18:49,140 --> 01:18:51,643 I always say the choices are very few. 1408 01:18:51,726 --> 01:18:54,354 The camera goes to the actors. The actors go to the camera. 1409 01:18:54,437 --> 01:18:55,521 Here we go. 1410 01:18:56,272 --> 01:18:58,650 There's Matthew Robbins doing a Disney film. 1411 01:19:02,528 --> 01:19:05,782 Again, I know this sounds-- 1412 01:19:07,116 --> 01:19:10,662 They came out-- The design you ended up doing is fantastic. 1413 01:19:10,745 --> 01:19:12,622 -Yeah, yeah. -They are like pugs. 1414 01:19:12,705 --> 01:19:15,875 When Ken and Phil came to me with this design, 1415 01:19:15,959 --> 01:19:20,463 Ken said to me, "I am not cute. I am not cute." 1416 01:19:20,546 --> 01:19:22,257 I still remember him saying that. 1417 01:19:24,676 --> 01:19:30,515 And this is, coming very soon, 1418 01:19:30,598 --> 01:19:33,643 one of the best moments. 1419 01:19:33,726 --> 01:19:37,105 The worst moment you had was that day, 1420 01:19:37,188 --> 01:19:41,234 and one of the best moments you have is the moment 1421 01:19:41,317 --> 01:19:46,364 the giant, ungainly brutal crane head of the dragon 1422 01:19:47,824 --> 01:19:50,910 -nuzzles the bodies of the dragons. -Yeah. 1423 01:19:50,994 --> 01:19:55,915 That is such a nice performance for a mechanical head. 1424 01:19:55,999 --> 01:19:57,208 That's actually-- 1425 01:19:59,627 --> 01:20:02,505 Chris Walas was in charge of that. 1426 01:20:02,588 --> 01:20:04,549 We had three scales of this dragon, 1427 01:20:04,632 --> 01:20:06,175 full-scale, which we talked about, 1428 01:20:06,259 --> 01:20:08,678 and then this sort of moderate scale, 1429 01:20:08,761 --> 01:20:13,599 and he wore the dragon on his arm 1430 01:20:14,225 --> 01:20:16,519 like Burr Tillstrom... 1431 01:20:16,602 --> 01:20:19,897 -Yeah, yeah. -...with Kukla, Fran and Ollie. 1432 01:20:19,981 --> 01:20:21,357 I used to laugh about that. 1433 01:20:21,441 --> 01:20:23,943 That's what gives it the subtlety, I would say. 1434 01:20:24,027 --> 01:20:26,904 That's one of the joys of non-digital effects right there, 1435 01:20:26,988 --> 01:20:28,406 what you're talking about. 1436 01:20:29,490 --> 01:20:32,243 -And Chris is American? -Yes. 1437 01:20:32,327 --> 01:20:33,786 So he came with you? 1438 01:20:33,870 --> 01:20:34,871 No. 1439 01:20:35,455 --> 01:20:38,916 He was in California. 1440 01:20:55,683 --> 01:20:57,560 These are great physical effects. 1441 01:20:57,643 --> 01:21:01,189 This was a big discovery when they tested this. 1442 01:21:01,272 --> 01:21:03,816 It was ready for me to see only a day or two before we shot it. 1443 01:21:03,900 --> 01:21:06,694 It was a very, very difficult set to construct 1444 01:21:06,778 --> 01:21:10,114 with all the elements that had to operate, and they tested it. 1445 01:21:10,198 --> 01:21:12,450 -And you see the spirals of flame here. -Yes. 1446 01:21:12,533 --> 01:21:17,622 This was not-- We did not know that was going to happen, but we loved it. 1447 01:21:17,705 --> 01:21:18,748 Of course it was-- 1448 01:21:18,831 --> 01:21:21,584 We had fire marshals on the set. It was quite challenging. 1449 01:21:21,667 --> 01:21:23,044 And that is the thing. 1450 01:21:24,879 --> 01:21:28,549 When people talk about visionaries and vision and this and that, 1451 01:21:28,633 --> 01:21:32,136 and I say, "Yeah, there may be vision, 1452 01:21:32,220 --> 01:21:34,764 but you mostly want to make your day." 1453 01:21:34,847 --> 01:21:37,475 And this is the thing. You're building-- 1454 01:21:38,059 --> 01:21:39,644 This is an incredibly complex set. 1455 01:21:39,727 --> 01:21:43,773 There are two things you have to approach very, very carefully on film, 1456 01:21:43,856 --> 01:21:48,403 because they are both very, very dangerous: water and fire. 1457 01:21:48,486 --> 01:21:50,196 -Right? -Right. 1458 01:21:50,279 --> 01:21:54,242 -This set comprises everything. -But we don't have children. 1459 01:21:54,325 --> 01:21:55,701 No. 1460 01:21:55,785 --> 01:21:57,662 And then you break down-- 1461 01:21:58,538 --> 01:22:01,541 The moment he receives the impact of the flames 1462 01:22:02,125 --> 01:22:05,128 -with the shield... -Yeah. 1463 01:22:05,211 --> 01:22:08,840 -...is a miniature figure of him. -Yes. Yes. 1464 01:22:08,923 --> 01:22:12,552 -And you're really sending fire at him. -Yes, absolutely. 1465 01:22:12,635 --> 01:22:16,347 When you broke it down like this, when you broke those decisions down-- 1466 01:22:17,557 --> 01:22:19,100 You broke it down-- 1467 01:22:19,183 --> 01:22:20,268 Look at this. 1468 01:22:20,351 --> 01:22:23,229 Again, a reveal. A Matthew Robbins reveal. 1469 01:22:23,312 --> 01:22:24,564 And here comes another one. 1470 01:22:24,647 --> 01:22:31,154 I love the Maleficent, very Disneyesque horns on the design, 1471 01:22:31,237 --> 01:22:35,199 because you understand, in opposition to the church element, 1472 01:22:35,825 --> 01:22:37,910 that they could see him as the devil. 1473 01:22:38,828 --> 01:22:41,205 -But he is a natural force. -We should talk about 1474 01:22:41,289 --> 01:22:43,291 -the sound design too. -Yeah, yeah. 1475 01:22:43,374 --> 01:22:47,170 But again, when you break this down, you broke it down on a table-board 1476 01:22:47,253 --> 01:22:50,047 with Ken and Phil and the physical effects. 1477 01:22:50,131 --> 01:22:53,426 And here in this scene, the water coming off the full-scale head 1478 01:22:53,509 --> 01:22:55,678 is one of the reasons that it sold so well. 1479 01:22:56,262 --> 01:23:00,016 And this triumphant pose was very much on my mind. 1480 01:23:00,766 --> 01:23:02,310 -Look at that. Oh, my God. -Yeah. 1481 01:23:02,393 --> 01:23:04,770 And look this way he stretches the wings. It's just-- 1482 01:23:04,854 --> 01:23:07,023 -Yeah, to push the fire forward. -Yeah, yeah. 1483 01:23:07,773 --> 01:23:09,859 And then look at the eyes. The yellow eyes. 1484 01:23:09,942 --> 01:23:12,195 -Yeah, that is the full-scale head. -Yeah. 1485 01:23:12,945 --> 01:23:14,697 And here we have the puppet. 1486 01:23:14,780 --> 01:23:16,782 So let's talk about the sound design. 1487 01:23:16,866 --> 01:23:22,079 First of all, who designed it? And talk to me about the process. 1488 01:23:22,163 --> 01:23:23,998 We had a team of sound designers. 1489 01:23:24,081 --> 01:23:26,334 Doug Hemphill and Dale Strumpell. 1490 01:23:27,710 --> 01:23:31,339 This was in Northern California in the great era 1491 01:23:31,422 --> 01:23:34,967 of Walter Murch's influence on the whole field of sound design. 1492 01:23:35,051 --> 01:23:36,761 Some of these very, very important-- 1493 01:23:36,844 --> 01:23:38,596 Walter, who's a very good friend of yours? 1494 01:23:38,679 --> 01:23:40,723 Oh, yes, my college roommate at Johns Hopkins 1495 01:23:40,806 --> 01:23:42,725 and best man at my wedding. 1496 01:23:42,808 --> 01:23:47,730 And who designed, obviously, very famously, 1497 01:23:47,813 --> 01:23:50,191 American Graffiti and Apocalypse Now, 1498 01:23:50,274 --> 01:23:51,817 -and so on and so forth. -Yes. 1499 01:23:51,901 --> 01:23:55,029 And he mixed this picture. He was the mixer on it. 1500 01:23:55,696 --> 01:24:00,243 But this team... 1501 01:24:02,286 --> 01:24:03,788 at Skywalker Ranch-- 1502 01:24:04,997 --> 01:24:07,375 -I'm sorry, but we have to watch this. -Oh, my God. 1503 01:24:08,125 --> 01:24:09,710 -The use-- -Oh, my lord. 1504 01:24:09,794 --> 01:24:13,256 -And the-- -I mean, you have no idea, Matthew, 1505 01:24:13,339 --> 01:24:16,717 what this does to little Guillermo. 1506 01:24:18,094 --> 01:24:20,137 This is a magical moment. 1507 01:24:20,221 --> 01:24:23,766 This set, which looks so enormous, was surprisingly small. 1508 01:24:24,642 --> 01:24:28,437 But it was just very cleverly designed. You could go anywhere and have a new-- 1509 01:24:28,521 --> 01:24:30,523 -It has great perspectives. -Yeah. 1510 01:24:31,315 --> 01:24:33,985 -Okay, let's keep this-- -Oh, yeah, this is that moment. 1511 01:24:34,527 --> 01:24:37,029 -And the nostril. See the nostril? -Yeah. 1512 01:24:37,113 --> 01:24:39,156 So this is not the giant crane head? 1513 01:24:39,240 --> 01:24:42,034 No, this is Chris Walas. 1514 01:24:42,118 --> 01:24:44,120 -The Chris Walas hand. -Right. 1515 01:24:44,203 --> 01:24:45,538 Great. 1516 01:24:46,581 --> 01:24:49,417 And I believe that's true of this one as well. 1517 01:24:49,500 --> 01:24:50,626 Wow. 1518 01:24:54,213 --> 01:24:56,924 All right, let's continue talking about the sound design. 1519 01:24:57,008 --> 01:24:59,594 So, the voice of the dragon. 1520 01:24:59,677 --> 01:25:01,971 That was a combination of elements. 1521 01:25:02,805 --> 01:25:04,265 In all honesty, all these years later, 1522 01:25:04,348 --> 01:25:07,435 I don't remember how many elements they used, what animals they were, 1523 01:25:07,518 --> 01:25:09,478 but you know, of course, that it's more than one. 1524 01:25:09,562 --> 01:25:12,106 This was a very, very tricky shot 1525 01:25:12,189 --> 01:25:15,151 to tilt up to find him up there, to combine-- 1526 01:25:15,234 --> 01:25:19,488 There's a lot of technology going on here. The blinking of his eye and the bringing-- 1527 01:25:19,572 --> 01:25:23,409 And then he's gonna jump on, of course, a full-scale piece. 1528 01:25:23,492 --> 01:25:25,328 This is the actual-- 1529 01:25:26,579 --> 01:25:31,626 -The crane, or no? -No, it's the full-scale dragon. 1530 01:25:31,709 --> 01:25:33,628 And we're shooting over his shoulder on it. 1531 01:25:34,337 --> 01:25:37,590 You know, they had to really prepare to make this happen. Right there. 1532 01:25:38,841 --> 01:25:42,428 And this lance that he's using, that lance was very influential. 1533 01:25:42,511 --> 01:25:43,971 It's appeared in a lot of other movies. 1534 01:25:44,055 --> 01:25:45,931 I keep seeing other designers have ripped it off. 1535 01:25:46,015 --> 01:25:49,352 -Yes. -And this is one of Phil's master shots. 1536 01:25:49,435 --> 01:25:51,646 That's a miniature of-- 1537 01:25:51,729 --> 01:25:55,066 And one of the ones that uses the blur beautifully. 1538 01:25:55,149 --> 01:25:56,150 Yes. 1539 01:25:56,233 --> 01:25:59,153 And there's a Peter MacNicol stop-motion puppet there. 1540 01:25:59,236 --> 01:26:00,404 -Yes. -Yeah. 1541 01:26:00,488 --> 01:26:02,615 And this is-- Here we are. 1542 01:26:03,366 --> 01:26:06,869 This is one of my favorite moments, and, for me, one of the great moments. 1543 01:26:06,952 --> 01:26:10,081 Something very important happens here, which is the weapon fails. 1544 01:26:10,164 --> 01:26:11,248 Yeah. 1545 01:26:12,583 --> 01:26:16,754 You know, dramatically, you really want to make it as difficult as possible. 1546 01:26:16,837 --> 01:26:19,799 -And the fact that it gets stuck. -Yeah. 1547 01:26:20,591 --> 01:26:23,552 And it's suffering right here. Look at this. Yeah. 1548 01:26:25,096 --> 01:26:26,263 Oh, my God. 1549 01:26:27,014 --> 01:26:31,894 Well, I think we're approaching the turning point. 1550 01:26:31,977 --> 01:26:32,978 Look at that. 1551 01:26:33,562 --> 01:26:35,690 -Snake. -Yeah. 1552 01:26:35,773 --> 01:26:36,816 Oh, my God. 1553 01:26:37,983 --> 01:26:41,821 I'm sorry, I'm absolutely in awe, Matthew. 1554 01:26:43,155 --> 01:26:45,449 I saw the movie again last night. 1555 01:26:48,661 --> 01:26:53,165 I'm gonna ask you, one of the things-- and it may be pure accident-- 1556 01:26:53,249 --> 01:26:56,127 That I admired, in terms of visual design, 1557 01:26:56,210 --> 01:27:01,882 the flinty rocks on that mountain-- which is on location-- 1558 01:27:01,966 --> 01:27:05,886 The flinty rocks remind me of the scales of the dragon. 1559 01:27:06,679 --> 01:27:08,222 -Was this-- -No. 1560 01:27:08,305 --> 01:27:10,891 -No? It was purely accidental. -Purely accidental. 1561 01:27:10,975 --> 01:27:12,768 Happy, you know, serendipitous. 1562 01:27:13,686 --> 01:27:17,898 But I think there is something, 1563 01:27:17,982 --> 01:27:21,736 as we enter the last quarter of the movie, 1564 01:27:21,819 --> 01:27:23,863 -or the final act... -Yeah. 1565 01:27:23,946 --> 01:27:26,449 ...I think there's something really primal again. 1566 01:27:26,532 --> 01:27:29,702 And you go back to the landscapes, 1567 01:27:30,619 --> 01:27:34,915 and you go back to, I think, 1568 01:27:34,999 --> 01:27:37,793 the way Peter tracked his character. 1569 01:27:39,211 --> 01:27:41,714 He starts acting like an adult. 1570 01:27:41,797 --> 01:27:45,968 Well, yeah, he's gone through a baptism of fire. 1571 01:27:46,844 --> 01:27:48,929 That's very much part of what happens. 1572 01:27:49,013 --> 01:27:51,390 -He's a very different character here. -Yeah. 1573 01:27:51,474 --> 01:27:56,228 You know, the character who puts on the sorcerer's hat and the robes 1574 01:27:56,312 --> 01:28:01,317 and tries the spells and is, you know, showing off in front of royalty 1575 01:28:01,400 --> 01:28:02,651 with his parlor tricks. 1576 01:28:03,527 --> 01:28:05,571 Now here he is. He's lucky to be alive. 1577 01:28:05,654 --> 01:28:07,823 He was playing with-- 1578 01:28:08,407 --> 01:28:09,992 He had no idea of the stakes. 1579 01:28:10,075 --> 01:28:13,579 And there's something really existentially powerful 1580 01:28:13,662 --> 01:28:15,164 towards the end of the movie, 1581 01:28:15,247 --> 01:28:19,752 in which he realizes his legend, his glory, his achievements, 1582 01:28:19,835 --> 01:28:22,087 are all fading in front of his eyes. 1583 01:28:22,171 --> 01:28:25,925 Somebody is taking them, and he almost walks away 1584 01:28:26,008 --> 01:28:29,637 like the Man with No Name into the sunset. 1585 01:28:29,720 --> 01:28:33,933 And knowing that magic exists, 1586 01:28:34,016 --> 01:28:38,979 but it exists in the world of man, which is a highly imperfect world. 1587 01:28:39,063 --> 01:28:43,734 So I think the film is about-- 1588 01:28:43,818 --> 01:28:46,821 You see that? The reprise of the amulet. 1589 01:28:46,904 --> 01:28:48,447 -The amulet of the-- Yes. -Yeah. 1590 01:28:49,657 --> 01:28:54,912 So the film, it's called Dragonslayer, which is fantastic... 1591 01:28:57,456 --> 01:29:00,417 because it's a title that the king will appropriate. 1592 01:29:00,501 --> 01:29:02,044 -Yes. Yes. -Right? 1593 01:29:02,127 --> 01:29:08,300 But it really also invokes this high-flying fantasy, 1594 01:29:08,384 --> 01:29:12,555 and yet it's permeated by how difficult-- 1595 01:29:12,638 --> 01:29:15,599 When we were writing the screenplay and we were coming to-- 1596 01:29:15,683 --> 01:29:18,602 -Was it always called Dragonslayer? -It always called Dragonslayer, 1597 01:29:18,686 --> 01:29:22,439 but the idea that the king would appropriate that title at the end, 1598 01:29:22,523 --> 01:29:25,359 Hal and I, I think we were leaping around the room 1599 01:29:25,442 --> 01:29:28,654 when we came up with that idea, that he would appropriate it for him. 1600 01:29:28,737 --> 01:29:30,573 We were just like kids with a toy. 1601 01:29:30,656 --> 01:29:32,074 It was like, "Oh, my God"-- 1602 01:29:32,157 --> 01:29:34,076 I've been in that room with you, yeah. 1603 01:29:34,159 --> 01:29:35,244 We have. 1604 01:29:35,327 --> 01:29:38,455 But that was one of the great, great thrills. 1605 01:29:38,539 --> 01:29:41,417 When you have fertile material, again, with compelling characters, 1606 01:29:41,500 --> 01:29:43,460 and you put them in an impossible situation, 1607 01:29:43,544 --> 01:29:46,922 when things begin to bubble up that you had not anticipated, 1608 01:29:47,006 --> 01:29:49,925 that's one of the great joys of movie writing. 1609 01:29:50,509 --> 01:29:51,510 Yeah. 1610 01:29:52,094 --> 01:29:56,807 And the discovery after the fact that you can reprise the look of the rocks with-- 1611 01:29:57,308 --> 01:30:01,020 But the reason I'm saying this-- the reason I'm saying this to you is, 1612 01:30:01,687 --> 01:30:03,647 in a strange way for me-- 1613 01:30:04,607 --> 01:30:07,443 And again, I'm going to Pan's only briefly, 1614 01:30:07,526 --> 01:30:11,280 because the idea for me on Pan's was, 1615 01:30:11,363 --> 01:30:15,868 once you find out that the faun did all those tests for her, 1616 01:30:15,951 --> 01:30:17,036 that was the labyrinth. 1617 01:30:17,119 --> 01:30:19,580 The labyrinth of her coming to a decision. 1618 01:30:19,663 --> 01:30:24,585 And here, you leave this entire movie up to now and a little later, 1619 01:30:24,668 --> 01:30:29,256 and you think, "Dragonslayer Great title because it's him," right? 1620 01:30:29,340 --> 01:30:31,759 And then when the king appropriates it, 1621 01:30:31,842 --> 01:30:34,887 -it gains a whole other-- -Political dimension. 1622 01:30:34,970 --> 01:30:36,221 -Political dimension. -Right. 1623 01:30:36,305 --> 01:30:42,436 And as an audience, you have a huge aha moment, you know. 1624 01:30:42,519 --> 01:30:46,357 And you realize how this movie is operating 1625 01:30:46,440 --> 01:30:50,402 at much more complex levels, you know? 1626 01:30:51,695 --> 01:30:55,449 -Now here, this is again the set-- -Yeah. 1627 01:30:55,532 --> 01:30:58,118 Which one's the biggest set in the film? 1628 01:30:58,202 --> 01:30:59,870 This set. This set. 1629 01:30:59,954 --> 01:31:03,248 This is the so-called Bond stage at Pinewood, 1630 01:31:03,832 --> 01:31:06,543 the largest sound stage in Europe. 1631 01:31:08,212 --> 01:31:12,091 It was built 270 degrees in every-- 1632 01:31:12,174 --> 01:31:14,218 We could almost shoot in every direction. 1633 01:31:14,301 --> 01:31:18,430 -Every direction? -Yeah, with backings and rock facings. 1634 01:31:19,640 --> 01:31:23,143 We haven't talked about the landslide from earlier in the movie. 1635 01:31:23,227 --> 01:31:25,354 It was an ILM miniature that was shot in California, 1636 01:31:25,437 --> 01:31:27,731 but it was modeled on the terrain of North Wales, 1637 01:31:27,815 --> 01:31:30,234 which was photographed when they were there. 1638 01:31:30,317 --> 01:31:31,902 That is a very complicated sequence. 1639 01:31:31,986 --> 01:31:33,237 -Yeah, it is. -Yeah. 1640 01:31:33,320 --> 01:31:37,157 If you fellas want to listen and go back to that. 1641 01:31:37,866 --> 01:31:42,204 So you shot the pre-landslide landscape. 1642 01:31:42,287 --> 01:31:44,206 Yes, on the sound stage. 1643 01:31:44,289 --> 01:31:45,374 -On the sound stage. -Yes. 1644 01:31:45,457 --> 01:31:48,419 But we had to shoot a blue screen of them looking up, you know, 1645 01:31:48,502 --> 01:31:51,797 in anticipation of that whole cliff face coming down. 1646 01:31:51,880 --> 01:31:55,384 That was-- And we shot it with a high-speed camera because it had to be-- 1647 01:31:55,467 --> 01:31:58,387 -As you know-- Exactly. -Feel heavy. Uh-huh. 1648 01:31:58,470 --> 01:32:01,098 And we were shooting at something like 270 frames a second. 1649 01:32:01,181 --> 01:32:04,852 -Wow. -Camera was just burning through the film. 1650 01:32:04,935 --> 01:32:07,396 -And you only have one take. -Yes, of course. 1651 01:32:07,479 --> 01:32:13,986 And when you shot that, was it middle of the shoot? 1652 01:32:14,069 --> 01:32:17,948 No, that was in postproduction after we came back to California. 1653 01:32:18,032 --> 01:32:19,491 So you shot-- 1654 01:32:20,784 --> 01:32:23,078 You shot the miniature? 1655 01:32:23,162 --> 01:32:24,288 -Yes. -Yes. 1656 01:32:24,830 --> 01:32:29,126 But the shot of the actual location was middle of the shoot? 1657 01:32:30,544 --> 01:32:33,797 What you're thinking of, when he's at the lair of the dragon, 1658 01:32:34,381 --> 01:32:36,341 that was on the Bond stage. 1659 01:32:36,967 --> 01:32:38,427 -Completely? -That's interior. 1660 01:32:38,510 --> 01:32:39,511 -Wow. -Yeah. 1661 01:32:39,595 --> 01:32:42,222 That is unimaginable. 1662 01:32:42,306 --> 01:32:47,436 And the running and diving for cover 1663 01:32:48,020 --> 01:32:49,438 was on that Bond stage. 1664 01:32:49,521 --> 01:32:52,441 They made crevices where they could actually conceal themselves. 1665 01:32:52,524 --> 01:32:55,861 So you could basically run from one of the chambers to another? 1666 01:32:56,653 --> 01:32:58,072 It was enormous. 1667 01:32:58,864 --> 01:33:00,699 I don't know, it was a couple acres. 1668 01:33:00,783 --> 01:33:03,827 I don't remember the size, but it was very, very big. 1669 01:33:07,039 --> 01:33:10,167 This movie is so dear to you. 1670 01:33:10,709 --> 01:33:13,087 What did you keep of the movie? 1671 01:33:13,170 --> 01:33:15,589 What mementos do you still have? 1672 01:33:15,672 --> 01:33:16,757 You mean literally? 1673 01:33:16,840 --> 01:33:19,301 Yeah, literally. Props. Puppets. 1674 01:33:20,177 --> 01:33:25,015 A lot of it was shipped back to ILM, and they said, "What do we do with it?" 1675 01:33:25,099 --> 01:33:27,267 I said, "I don't know, let's put it in storage somewhere." 1676 01:33:27,351 --> 01:33:29,311 It wound up, a lot of it, in my garage, 1677 01:33:30,104 --> 01:33:33,357 where it was forgotten until very recently. 1678 01:33:35,067 --> 01:33:38,445 My son-in-law helped me open a crate that we found in the garage, 1679 01:33:38,529 --> 01:33:40,572 and it had a lot of these-- 1680 01:33:40,656 --> 01:33:44,284 It had this amulet in it. It had the baby dragons. 1681 01:33:44,368 --> 01:33:46,495 -Oh, my lord. Decomposing. -Yeah. 1682 01:33:46,578 --> 01:33:49,540 They are. Yeah, they're pretty moth-eaten. 1683 01:33:49,623 --> 01:33:51,375 Look at Ralph's face here. This is-- 1684 01:33:51,458 --> 01:33:53,335 And here again, I wanna-- 1685 01:33:53,418 --> 01:33:56,547 I mean, obviously this is very connected 1686 01:33:56,630 --> 01:33:59,842 to the resurrection of Gandalf, in a way, 1687 01:33:59,925 --> 01:34:02,469 -on the Tolkien mythology... -Yes. 1688 01:34:02,553 --> 01:34:04,054 ...where he comes back, 1689 01:34:04,138 --> 01:34:07,933 now in the white unearthly robes and all that. 1690 01:34:08,433 --> 01:34:14,148 But I think that what is great about this is how Sir Ralph diffuses it. 1691 01:34:15,149 --> 01:34:18,861 You know, he's not ceremonial. 1692 01:34:18,944 --> 01:34:20,487 No, no. And he loved that. 1693 01:34:20,571 --> 01:34:21,655 -Yeah. -He told me that. 1694 01:34:21,738 --> 01:34:24,533 That's one of the things that intrigued him when he read the screenplay, 1695 01:34:24,616 --> 01:34:30,664 when he found those notes, of the quotidian talking about Balisarius, 1696 01:34:30,747 --> 01:34:32,833 who could turn lead into-- "I could never do that." 1697 01:34:32,916 --> 01:34:34,960 There's sort of a workaday-- 1698 01:34:36,086 --> 01:34:38,130 Someone in the sorcery business. 1699 01:34:38,213 --> 01:34:40,674 -There's something blue collar about it. -Yeah. 1700 01:34:40,757 --> 01:34:44,803 But those are also decisions that were very intriguing. 1701 01:34:45,304 --> 01:34:49,266 The language that we associate with period, 1702 01:34:49,349 --> 01:34:52,895 the "Thy, thou," and all the ceremonial language, 1703 01:34:52,978 --> 01:34:57,441 is reserved for authority and ritual 1704 01:34:57,524 --> 01:35:00,777 and for representational things. 1705 01:35:00,861 --> 01:35:02,237 Look at this. 1706 01:35:02,321 --> 01:35:03,447 Again, Ken Ralston. 1707 01:35:03,530 --> 01:35:05,532 Well, I was never-- I have to tell you, 1708 01:35:06,366 --> 01:35:09,703 my nature of personality or style, I just-- 1709 01:35:09,786 --> 01:35:14,875 Very resistant to the implied pomposity of sorcery and all the rest. 1710 01:35:14,958 --> 01:35:15,959 And I would never-- 1711 01:35:16,043 --> 01:35:20,130 The tone just never would've occurred to me to take it seriously as that. 1712 01:35:20,214 --> 01:35:22,925 I would take it seriously in terms of what it is capable of doing-- 1713 01:35:23,008 --> 01:35:24,218 Look at that. Oh, my God. 1714 01:35:24,301 --> 01:35:25,677 -Is that Phil? -No, that's Ken. 1715 01:35:25,761 --> 01:35:27,554 That's Ken again? Oh, my lord. 1716 01:35:27,638 --> 01:35:31,475 So the flying and that pose is so-- 1717 01:35:31,558 --> 01:35:35,270 It's a very difficult puppet to pose, I must say. 1718 01:35:35,354 --> 01:35:39,900 And that's a real find by Ken. This sort of crowning-- 1719 01:35:41,235 --> 01:35:43,946 This is a nice moment here. This is very gracefully done. 1720 01:35:47,449 --> 01:35:49,409 This is a very complicated sequence. 1721 01:35:49,493 --> 01:35:51,620 I remember reading about it and-- 1722 01:35:53,163 --> 01:35:56,625 This is complicated, obviously, from the technical aspects of it, 1723 01:35:56,708 --> 01:35:58,627 but it's also, Matthew, 1724 01:35:58,710 --> 01:36:03,173 a really complicated sequence for a director to time, because-- 1725 01:36:03,799 --> 01:36:06,468 Well, we haven't talked about-- The editor is Tony Lawson, 1726 01:36:07,469 --> 01:36:10,931 who was, again-- he was about my age, 1727 01:36:11,014 --> 01:36:13,308 but he had done many more films than I had, 1728 01:36:13,392 --> 01:36:16,353 and he was very, very talented. 1729 01:36:16,937 --> 01:36:20,148 He wasn't intimidated at all by the size of this thing, 1730 01:36:20,232 --> 01:36:22,859 and he was unafraid to cut into things that had taken-- 1731 01:36:22,943 --> 01:36:25,946 Very-- You know, that fact of, "Well, we worked so hard on that." 1732 01:36:26,029 --> 01:36:28,490 "Well, it doesn't matter because look at this." 1733 01:36:28,573 --> 01:36:30,492 That was one of the-- 1734 01:36:30,575 --> 01:36:32,995 He was one of the sources of my understanding 1735 01:36:33,078 --> 01:36:36,415 of the way a movie is rewritten in the editing room. 1736 01:36:36,498 --> 01:36:40,294 Yes, of course. It's where it's first written, really. Yeah. 1737 01:36:40,377 --> 01:36:43,755 And so I came to appreciate, again, 1738 01:36:43,839 --> 01:36:46,717 without knowing, I just got along with him right away. 1739 01:36:46,800 --> 01:36:49,136 He's just very, very warm 1740 01:36:49,219 --> 01:36:52,848 and someone with whom I was happy to spend all those hours in the editing room. 1741 01:36:52,931 --> 01:36:56,560 But completely unafraid of the fact that there was this vast edifice 1742 01:36:57,561 --> 01:36:59,187 that was being dumped on his lap. 1743 01:36:59,271 --> 01:37:02,149 And he would just treat it like any other shot... 1744 01:37:02,232 --> 01:37:04,818 -Yeah. -.. .no matter where the origins. 1745 01:37:05,444 --> 01:37:09,823 It didn't matter to him. And he was brutal in that way. 1746 01:37:09,906 --> 01:37:12,326 But let's talk about why this is difficult, 1747 01:37:13,076 --> 01:37:16,705 because we're discussing it and we say obviously technically it's difficult, 1748 01:37:16,788 --> 01:37:23,253 but this is an almost archetypical scene that comes in every movie in which, 1749 01:37:23,337 --> 01:37:25,213 quote, unquote, "the plan goes wrong." 1750 01:37:25,297 --> 01:37:26,298 Yeah. 1751 01:37:26,381 --> 01:37:30,969 And you have to crosscut two or three vectors of action 1752 01:37:31,053 --> 01:37:36,350 at the same time and time them almost like a heist, you know? 1753 01:37:36,433 --> 01:37:38,977 Things have to happen in the right order. 1754 01:37:40,020 --> 01:37:44,066 Things have to go wrong in the right order at the right time... 1755 01:37:46,485 --> 01:37:48,487 to make it work symphonically. 1756 01:37:48,570 --> 01:37:52,574 And that requires a lot of work. 1757 01:37:52,657 --> 01:37:54,451 You say you and Hal-- 1758 01:37:54,534 --> 01:37:56,995 Sixth screenplay, you wrote Sugarland Express, 1759 01:37:57,079 --> 01:37:59,706 so you had that under your belts here, right? 1760 01:37:59,790 --> 01:38:02,000 -Well, what I-- -But it was shot? 1761 01:38:02,084 --> 01:38:04,836 This was storyboarded because you couldn't work with ILM 1762 01:38:04,920 --> 01:38:08,382 without laying out everything in advance, so we had an idea of shots like this. 1763 01:38:08,465 --> 01:38:11,551 They were all very planned, but what interested me, 1764 01:38:11,635 --> 01:38:15,097 what kept me going and what I was interested mostly, 1765 01:38:15,180 --> 01:38:17,307 in the design of the sequence, 1766 01:38:17,808 --> 01:38:20,894 is to keep the character interactions alive so that we-- 1767 01:38:21,770 --> 01:38:25,315 Each character is operating with respect 1768 01:38:25,399 --> 01:38:27,776 to their own emotional needs at this moment. 1769 01:38:27,859 --> 01:38:30,195 He knows the stakes, the sorcerer. 1770 01:38:30,278 --> 01:38:32,030 This is the final confrontation, 1771 01:38:32,114 --> 01:38:35,826 and yet here he is back to being the apprentice. 1772 01:38:35,909 --> 01:38:39,496 He's in service to the old man again, and he's been told what to do, 1773 01:38:39,579 --> 01:38:43,041 but the crisis comes as he knows by doing it, 1774 01:38:43,125 --> 01:38:48,130 something irremediable and terrible is going to happen. 1775 01:38:48,213 --> 01:38:49,297 That's-- 1776 01:38:49,381 --> 01:38:55,387 The trick when working on an effects movie like this is 1777 01:38:55,470 --> 01:38:57,514 to remember what you're about. 1778 01:38:57,597 --> 01:38:59,099 You're not about the technique. 1779 01:38:59,182 --> 01:39:01,726 -It sounds like a cliché. -No, no, it isn't. 1780 01:39:01,810 --> 01:39:04,938 But you're about the characters and what's going to happen. 1781 01:39:05,021 --> 01:39:07,816 That's where the emotional attachment comes. 1782 01:39:07,899 --> 01:39:11,903 And if you can keep that alive and if you concentrate on it-- 1783 01:39:11,987 --> 01:39:14,489 -This is, in that regard, a great moment. -Yeah. 1784 01:39:14,573 --> 01:39:17,909 And there is a great moment upcoming very close 1785 01:39:17,993 --> 01:39:22,080 in which he has to decide to destroy the amulet. 1786 01:39:22,164 --> 01:39:23,874 That is basically like destroying 1787 01:39:23,957 --> 01:39:27,711 -the most precious thing, you know? -Yeah. Yeah. 1788 01:39:28,462 --> 01:39:33,300 Something that is cherished by characters, that contains all the magic. 1789 01:39:33,383 --> 01:39:37,220 So in order to destroy the dragon, he has to do that. 1790 01:39:37,304 --> 01:39:40,223 And to your credit, Matthew, 1791 01:39:40,307 --> 01:39:43,477 to your credit, the first time I saw the movie, 1792 01:39:43,560 --> 01:39:44,895 I didn't know if he would. 1793 01:39:45,395 --> 01:39:46,980 I was really-- 1794 01:39:47,063 --> 01:39:50,817 And this is why I think this is such a great, complicated sequence. 1795 01:39:50,901 --> 01:39:52,777 Look, see, she has her own agenda. "Do it." 1796 01:39:52,861 --> 01:39:53,862 -She's-- -Yeah. 1797 01:39:53,945 --> 01:39:55,822 She doesn't understand his reluctance. 1798 01:39:55,906 --> 01:39:58,575 That's why I say she's the main character in that way. 1799 01:39:58,658 --> 01:40:00,827 -She's-- -Well, she's got the balls. 1800 01:40:00,911 --> 01:40:01,995 Yeah. 1801 01:40:02,078 --> 01:40:04,539 She has to tell him what to do. 1802 01:40:04,623 --> 01:40:07,959 And that ambivalence of him being a young man and not a-- 1803 01:40:08,043 --> 01:40:10,086 There's another-- Where things go wrong. 1804 01:40:10,170 --> 01:40:12,672 It looks like there's a victory here, but no. 1805 01:40:12,756 --> 01:40:13,757 - Yeah.
-No. 1806 01:40:13,840 --> 01:40:16,092 -That falling pose-- Very hard to do. -Yeah. 1807 01:40:17,427 --> 01:40:19,095 And here, things start going wrong. 1808 01:40:19,179 --> 01:40:20,430 He is injured. 1809 01:40:21,223 --> 01:40:24,518 For all his magic, he can bleed. 1810 01:40:25,101 --> 01:40:26,102 He can bleed. 1811 01:40:26,186 --> 01:40:30,023 So when you start breaking this scene into its elements, 1812 01:40:30,106 --> 01:40:32,234 this is a fantastic moment of... 1813 01:40:32,317 --> 01:40:34,361 -Yeah, that's Ralph. -.. .disorientation. 1814 01:40:34,444 --> 01:40:37,531 -Yes. -He is an older man. 1815 01:40:43,286 --> 01:40:47,207 I must say, this is, in terms of your staging, 1816 01:40:47,290 --> 01:40:50,126 in terms of your tempo, 1817 01:40:50,835 --> 01:40:53,296 this is rightfully the... 1818 01:40:55,882 --> 01:40:57,217 -The climax. -Climax. 1819 01:40:57,300 --> 01:40:59,928 And their interplay, 1820 01:41:01,137 --> 01:41:04,933 fabulously, they become a single character, you know? 1821 01:41:05,517 --> 01:41:08,144 They fuse into a single character, 1822 01:41:08,687 --> 01:41:12,315 and I think that's really, really hard to do. 1823 01:41:13,817 --> 01:41:16,111 -It's another reveal. -Yes. 1824 01:41:16,194 --> 01:41:18,572 This was shot in Hawaii, these cloud plates. 1825 01:41:18,655 --> 01:41:19,656 -Really? -Yeah. 1826 01:41:20,240 --> 01:41:23,952 We had a terrible time getting the skies. 1827 01:41:25,912 --> 01:41:29,082 When Ralph Richardson saw the movie completed, 1828 01:41:29,165 --> 01:41:31,751 were you there to see his reaction? 1829 01:41:32,335 --> 01:41:35,130 No. I was there for the ADR. 1830 01:41:35,213 --> 01:41:41,052 I never had any direct communication from him 1831 01:41:41,136 --> 01:41:45,181 about how he felt about the final product, but we had a great relationship, 1832 01:41:45,265 --> 01:41:48,768 because when I went back to do his ADR in London, 1833 01:41:48,852 --> 01:41:49,853 it was one of-- 1834 01:41:49,936 --> 01:41:53,565 The happiest parts of the movie was the days we spent together afterwards. 1835 01:41:53,648 --> 01:41:56,401 So I think he was very happy with our collaboration. 1836 01:41:56,484 --> 01:41:58,862 I'm not even sure that he even saw the film. 1837 01:41:58,945 --> 01:42:00,530 -I wouldn't be surprised. -Yeah. 1838 01:42:01,364 --> 01:42:02,949 That triple cut, 1839 01:42:03,033 --> 01:42:05,994 the triple cut when he grabs him, 1840 01:42:06,911 --> 01:42:09,581 Ralph Richardson, the creature and the claw, 1841 01:42:09,664 --> 01:42:11,416 beautiful, beautiful cutting. 1842 01:42:12,250 --> 01:42:14,461 I mean, as the years have gone by 1843 01:42:14,544 --> 01:42:19,090 and I have appropriately aged and gained weight, 1844 01:42:20,050 --> 01:42:21,551 but also experience, 1845 01:42:22,385 --> 01:42:24,012 I admire the movie. 1846 01:42:25,138 --> 01:42:27,432 I was in awe when I was a kid, 1847 01:42:27,515 --> 01:42:32,604 but I admire it as an adult professional filmmaker, somewhat. 1848 01:42:33,605 --> 01:42:35,690 -It's splendid. -Thank you. 1849 01:42:35,774 --> 01:42:38,526 And I think that all the effects that ILM did, 1850 01:42:38,610 --> 01:42:43,948 the sort of reentry trail of the dragon, 1851 01:42:45,116 --> 01:42:49,954 the timing of the physical effects with the animation 1852 01:42:50,038 --> 01:42:53,333 and the stop-motion, is just phenomenal. 1853 01:42:53,416 --> 01:42:55,460 And I-- There's lessons. 1854 01:42:56,086 --> 01:42:59,673 There's so many lessons to be learned from this movie, Matthew, 1855 01:42:59,756 --> 01:43:05,679 about how going purely CGI, 1856 01:43:05,762 --> 01:43:09,766 or purely digital, or purely effects, is not the way to go. 1857 01:43:10,642 --> 01:43:11,643 You know? 1858 01:43:12,560 --> 01:43:15,772 After this movie, you became, amongst many other things, 1859 01:43:15,855 --> 01:43:19,317 a very successful commercial director, 1860 01:43:19,401 --> 01:43:22,278 and you handled very complicated ones. 1861 01:43:22,862 --> 01:43:24,698 I think this prepared you for that. 1862 01:43:24,781 --> 01:43:26,157 Well, sure. 1863 01:43:26,241 --> 01:43:29,953 In those days, ILM was coming into its own, 1864 01:43:30,036 --> 01:43:34,040 and ILM became a touchstone 1865 01:43:34,124 --> 01:43:36,918 for people in the commercials industry. 1866 01:43:37,001 --> 01:43:39,212 They wanted to take advantage of what it had to offer. 1867 01:43:39,295 --> 01:43:40,672 And so ILM had-- 1868 01:43:40,755 --> 01:43:43,508 Everyone there had come to know me because of this, 1869 01:43:43,591 --> 01:43:45,885 and they asked me to become one of their directors. 1870 01:43:45,969 --> 01:43:50,473 And I learned, again, a lot by directing commercials. 1871 01:43:51,015 --> 01:43:52,809 You go from one to the other and you-- 1872 01:43:52,892 --> 01:43:55,729 And that's my daughter in the middle of the frame. 1873 01:43:56,771 --> 01:43:59,315 -Sonya Robbins. -Yes, I can recognize her. 1874 01:43:59,399 --> 01:44:01,943 You know, and I'll tell you for me, 1875 01:44:02,026 --> 01:44:06,030 this scene gave me another one of the-- 1876 01:44:06,614 --> 01:44:10,243 This and the facehugger in Alien-- 1877 01:44:12,036 --> 01:44:14,038 I love these shoes, by the way. 1878 01:44:15,373 --> 01:44:19,627 Perfectly, perfectly suited for the moment of glory. 1879 01:44:19,711 --> 01:44:21,379 But what I love is-- 1880 01:44:22,172 --> 01:44:27,260 I always say one of the great things you can do for a creature is give it a corpse. 1881 01:44:27,969 --> 01:44:33,808 Because if it's dead in a forensically accurate way, 1882 01:44:33,892 --> 01:44:35,435 that means it was alive. 1883 01:44:35,518 --> 01:44:40,440 And the way you go at the dragon is, forensically, quite accurate. 1884 01:44:41,191 --> 01:44:43,568 This was a complete separate construction... 1885 01:44:43,651 --> 01:44:45,945 -Yes, yes. -...from the crane and the dragon. 1886 01:44:46,029 --> 01:44:50,366 So this was a life-sized dragon sculpture. 1887 01:44:50,450 --> 01:44:53,119 -Yeah. -That you then-- 1888 01:44:53,203 --> 01:44:55,079 -That we then-- -Barbecued. 1889 01:44:55,997 --> 01:44:59,292 They went to a slaughterhouse and they brought back all the body parts. 1890 01:45:00,210 --> 01:45:03,004 And this is in the Isle of Skye. 1891 01:45:03,963 --> 01:45:10,178 And this is where I think that it's an almost noirish Western. 1892 01:45:11,346 --> 01:45:13,223 Walking away from all that glory, 1893 01:45:13,306 --> 01:45:18,603 and yet the horse at the end is a touch of magic. 1894 01:45:20,605 --> 01:45:23,483 -Oh, Matthew, what a film. -Yeah. 1895 01:45:29,948 --> 01:45:34,536 I think this is one of the great fantasy films of all times, Matthew. 1896 01:45:35,245 --> 01:45:36,955 And again, 1897 01:45:37,038 --> 01:45:43,336 the repercussions of it are not calculable, in many ways. 1898 01:45:43,419 --> 01:45:45,380 Well, I have to say, I'm very-- 1899 01:45:45,463 --> 01:45:49,092 It's been remarkable to see it again under these circumstances, 1900 01:45:49,175 --> 01:45:53,054 and to have so many mixed-up memories, because it was not easy for me. 1901 01:45:53,137 --> 01:45:56,641 Again, the sources are sort of me. 1902 01:45:57,392 --> 01:46:00,687 There's the logo that he designed, David Bunnett. 1903 01:46:00,770 --> 01:46:02,480 -Yeah. -But, you know, it's-- 1904 01:46:02,564 --> 01:46:05,316 In a way, I was the apprentice. 1905 01:46:06,109 --> 01:46:10,405 -Not aware of what I was walking into. -Yes. 1906 01:46:10,488 --> 01:46:13,283 You know, that Peter MacNicol offers himself up here. 1907 01:46:13,992 --> 01:46:17,453 Having directed a single movie, "Well, of course I can do this." 1908 01:46:17,537 --> 01:46:18,872 Right, right. 1909 01:46:19,956 --> 01:46:25,044 But somehow, we managed to pull it off. 1910 01:46:25,628 --> 01:46:29,674 And over the years, I've learned that it is a-- 1911 01:46:29,757 --> 01:46:33,845 For people who are interested in fantasy, it is a beloved film. 1912 01:46:34,679 --> 01:46:41,185 It is, and I thank you, and now you guys own a beautiful transfer. 1913 01:46:41,269 --> 01:46:44,606 -Yes -A HD, 4K, 1914 01:46:44,689 --> 01:46:49,569 masterful archival version of this movie 1915 01:46:49,652 --> 01:46:52,697 which influenced many, many people. 1916 01:46:52,780 --> 01:46:56,492 And I for one, want to thank you, Matthew, for making it. 1917 01:46:56,576 --> 01:47:00,163 Well, I thank you for heaping all this praise on it. 1918 01:47:00,246 --> 01:47:03,166 And I thank you for being such a good friend to me over the years. 1919 01:47:03,249 --> 01:47:04,918 -Yes. -I think when we first met, 1920 01:47:05,001 --> 01:47:07,462 this was the very first thing you wanted to talk about. 1921 01:47:07,545 --> 01:47:11,466 I actually understand now, so many years later, why and in detail... 1922 01:47:11,549 --> 01:47:16,137 -Yes. -...why it played such a role in your life. 1923 01:47:16,220 --> 01:47:18,097 So I feel very flattered by that too. 1924 01:47:18,181 --> 01:47:20,183 Well, we bid you adieu. 1925 01:47:20,266 --> 01:47:23,186 -Adieu. Thank you, everybody. -Hasta luego, my friends.