1 00:01:53,275 --> 00:01:58,144 Since we all inhabit the Earth, all of us are considered earthlings. 2 00:01:59,748 --> 00:02:05,618 There is no sexism, no racism, or speciesism in the term "earthling." 3 00:02:05,721 --> 00:02:08,417 It encompasses each and every one of us: 4 00:02:08,524 --> 00:02:12,858 warm- or cold-blooded, mammal, vertebrate, or invertebrate, 5 00:02:12,961 --> 00:02:18,490 bird, reptile, amphibian, fish, and human alike. 6 00:02:19,067 --> 00:02:22,696 Humans, therefore, being not the only species on the planet, 7 00:02:22,805 --> 00:02:25,296 share this world with millions of other living creatures, 8 00:02:25,407 --> 00:02:28,467 as we all evolve here together. 9 00:02:29,211 --> 00:02:33,307 However, it is the human earthling who tends to dominate the Earth, 10 00:02:33,415 --> 00:02:35,975 oftentimes treating other fellow earthlings and living beings 11 00:02:36,084 --> 00:02:38,416 as mere objects. 12 00:02:38,520 --> 00:02:41,182 This is what is meant by "speciesism." 13 00:02:42,925 --> 00:02:46,986 By analogy with racism and sexism, the term "speciesism" 14 00:02:47,095 --> 00:02:50,587 is a prejudice or attitude of bias in favor of the interests of members 15 00:02:50,699 --> 00:02:55,432 of one's own species and against those of members of other species. 16 00:02:56,438 --> 00:02:59,305 If a being suffers, there can be no moral justification 17 00:02:59,408 --> 00:03:02,900 for refusing to take that suffering into consideration. 18 00:03:03,412 --> 00:03:05,539 No matter what the nature of the being, 19 00:03:05,647 --> 00:03:08,445 the principle of equality requires that one's suffering 20 00:03:08,550 --> 00:03:13,852 can be counted equally with the like suffering of any other being. 21 00:03:28,670 --> 00:03:32,401 Racists violate the principle of equality by giving greater weight 22 00:03:32,508 --> 00:03:34,874 to the interests of members of their own race 23 00:03:34,977 --> 00:03:36,444 when there's a clash between their interests 24 00:03:36,545 --> 00:03:38,843 and the interests of those of another race. 25 00:03:47,489 --> 00:03:49,821 Sexists violate the principle of equality 26 00:03:49,925 --> 00:03:52,985 by favoring the interests of their own sex. 27 00:04:01,603 --> 00:04:05,972 Similarly, speciesists allow the interests of their own species 28 00:04:06,074 --> 00:04:10,033 to override the greater interests of members of other species. 29 00:04:17,286 --> 00:04:19,811 In each case, the pattern is identical. 30 00:04:28,764 --> 00:04:30,493 Though among the members of the human family, 31 00:04:30,599 --> 00:04:33,329 we recognize the moral imperative of respect, 32 00:04:33,435 --> 00:04:36,165 every human is a somebody, not a something, 33 00:04:36,271 --> 00:04:38,899 morally disrespectful treatment occurs 34 00:04:39,007 --> 00:04:41,840 when those who stand at the power end of a power relationship 35 00:04:41,944 --> 00:04:45,641 treat the less powerful as if they were mere objects. 36 00:04:49,918 --> 00:04:52,887 The rapist does this to the victim of rape. 37 00:04:53,488 --> 00:04:56,116 The child molester to the child molested. 38 00:04:56,758 --> 00:04:59,158 The master to the slave. 39 00:04:59,895 --> 00:05:01,453 In each and all such cases, 40 00:05:01,563 --> 00:05:05,590 humans who have power exploit those who lack it. 41 00:05:07,169 --> 00:05:09,967 Might the same be true of how humans treat other animals 42 00:05:10,072 --> 00:05:12,131 or other earthlings? 43 00:05:15,711 --> 00:05:17,508 Undoubtedly there are differences, 44 00:05:17,613 --> 00:05:21,947 since humans and animals are not the same in all respects. 45 00:05:25,420 --> 00:05:29,322 But the question of sameness wears another face. 46 00:05:31,059 --> 00:05:34,893 Granted, these animals do not have all the desires we humans have. 47 00:05:34,997 --> 00:05:38,296 Granted, they do not comprehend everything we humans comprehend. 48 00:05:38,400 --> 00:05:41,699 Nevertheless, we and they do have some of the same desires 49 00:05:41,803 --> 00:05:45,432 and do comprehend some of the same things. 50 00:05:47,609 --> 00:05:51,443 The desires for food and water, shelter and companionship, 51 00:05:51,546 --> 00:05:54,014 freedom of movement and avoidance of pain. 52 00:05:54,116 --> 00:05:58,815 These desires are shared by nonhuman animals and human beings. 53 00:06:04,026 --> 00:06:07,826 As for comprehension, like humans, many nonhuman animals 54 00:06:07,929 --> 00:06:10,523 understand the world in which they live and move. 55 00:06:10,632 --> 00:06:13,999 Otherwise, they could not survive. 56 00:06:16,204 --> 00:06:20,538 So beneath the many differences, there is sameness. 57 00:06:21,943 --> 00:06:23,774 Like us, these animals embody 58 00:06:23,879 --> 00:06:27,747 the mystery and wonder of consciousness. 59 00:06:28,150 --> 00:06:32,746 Like us, they are not only in the world, they are aware of it. 60 00:06:32,854 --> 00:06:34,879 Like us, they are the psychological centers 61 00:06:34,990 --> 00:06:38,050 of a life that is uniquely their own. 62 00:06:39,394 --> 00:06:41,157 In these fundamental respects, 63 00:06:41,263 --> 00:06:43,857 humans stand "on all fours," so to speak, 64 00:06:43,965 --> 00:06:47,264 with hogs and cows, chickens and turkeys. 65 00:06:48,003 --> 00:06:52,030 What these animals are due from us, how we morally ought to treat them, 66 00:06:52,140 --> 00:06:53,801 are questions whose answer begins 67 00:06:53,909 --> 00:06:57,174 with the recognition of our psychological kinship with them. 68 00:06:59,815 --> 00:07:02,443 So the following film demonstrates, in five ways, 69 00:07:02,551 --> 00:07:05,611 just how animals have come to serve mankind. 70 00:07:06,788 --> 00:07:09,382 Lest we forget. 71 00:07:22,504 --> 00:07:25,166 Nobel Prize winner Isaac Bashevis Singer 72 00:07:25,273 --> 00:07:28,333 wrote in his best-selling novel, Enemies, A Love Story, 73 00:07:28,443 --> 00:07:29,705 the following: 74 00:07:30,800 --> 00:07:34,500 "As often has Herman had witnessed the slaughter of animals and fish, 75 00:07:34,500 --> 00:07:36,000 he always had the same thought: 76 00:07:36,200 --> 00:07:39,600 In their behavior toward creatures, all men were Nazis. 77 00:07:40,000 --> 00:07:43,650 The smugness with which man could do with other species as he pleased 78 00:07:44,000 --> 00:07:47,000 exemplify the most extreme racist theories 79 00:07:48,300 --> 00:07:51,300 the principle that might is right." 80 00:07:54,569 --> 00:07:58,903 The comparison here to the Holocaust is both intentional and obvious. 81 00:07:59,007 --> 00:08:02,841 One group of living beings anguishes beneath the hands of another. 82 00:08:04,513 --> 00:08:07,812 Though some will argue the suffering of animals cannot possibly compare 83 00:08:07,916 --> 00:08:12,717 with that of former Jews or slaves, there is, in fact, a parallel. 84 00:08:13,555 --> 00:08:17,013 And for the prisoners and victims of this mass murder, 85 00:08:17,125 --> 00:08:19,992 their holocaust is far from over. 86 00:08:39,214 --> 00:08:44,117 In his book, The Outermost House, author Henry Beston wrote: 87 00:08:44,219 --> 00:08:46,050 "We need another and a wiser 88 00:08:46,154 --> 00:08:49,590 and perhaps a more mystical concept of animals. 89 00:08:51,593 --> 00:08:55,222 Remote from universal nature and living by complicated artifice, 90 00:08:55,330 --> 00:08:58,128 man in civilization surveys the creatures 91 00:08:58,233 --> 00:09:00,030 through the glass of his knowledge 92 00:09:00,135 --> 00:09:06,335 and sees thereby a feather magnified and the whole image in distortion. 93 00:09:07,809 --> 00:09:10,937 We patronize them for their incompleteness, 94 00:09:11,046 --> 00:09:15,915 for their tragic fate of having taken form so far below ourselves. 95 00:09:16,017 --> 00:09:19,953 And therein we err and greatly err. 96 00:09:21,456 --> 00:09:24,254 For the animal shall not be measured by man. 97 00:09:25,727 --> 00:09:29,527 In a world older and more complete than ours, 98 00:09:29,631 --> 00:09:32,156 they move finished and complete... 99 00:09:33,735 --> 00:09:36,203 ...gifted with extensions of the senses 100 00:09:36,304 --> 00:09:39,398 we have lost or never attained... 101 00:09:44,179 --> 00:09:46,579 ...living by voices we shall never hear. 102 00:09:52,754 --> 00:09:57,316 They are not brethren. They are not underlings. 103 00:09:58,994 --> 00:10:00,985 They are other nations... 104 00:10:02,230 --> 00:10:04,755 ...caught with ourselves in the net of life and time... 105 00:10:06,668 --> 00:10:11,367 ...fellow prisoners of the splendor and travail of the Earth." 106 00:10:22,651 --> 00:10:24,778 For most of us, our relationship with animals 107 00:10:24,886 --> 00:10:27,878 involves the owning of a pet or two. 108 00:10:29,424 --> 00:10:31,790 So where do our pets come from? 109 00:10:33,361 --> 00:10:36,762 Of course, one of the most obvious ways animals serve man 110 00:10:36,865 --> 00:10:38,730 is as companions. 111 00:10:41,836 --> 00:10:44,896 For these pets, it starts with a breeder. 112 00:10:45,774 --> 00:10:48,641 Though not all breeders are considered professional. 113 00:10:49,544 --> 00:10:50,772 In fact, in this profession, 114 00:10:50,879 --> 00:10:53,643 just about anyone and everyone can be a breeder. 115 00:10:57,285 --> 00:11:02,222 For pet stores, most of their animals are acquired from puppy mills, 116 00:11:02,324 --> 00:11:04,189 even if they may not know it. 117 00:11:08,797 --> 00:11:11,197 Puppy mills are low-budget commercial enterprises 118 00:11:11,299 --> 00:11:16,032 that breed dogs for sale to pet shops and other buyers. 119 00:11:26,214 --> 00:11:29,308 They are often backyard operations that expose animals 120 00:11:29,417 --> 00:11:31,977 to filthy, overcrowded conditions 121 00:11:32,087 --> 00:11:35,887 with no veterinary care or socialization. 122 00:11:39,694 --> 00:11:43,425 Dogs from puppy mills often exhibit physical and psychological problems 123 00:11:43,531 --> 00:11:45,328 as they grow up. 124 00:11:50,972 --> 00:11:53,566 Strays, if they are lucky, 125 00:11:53,675 --> 00:11:56,610 will be picked up and taken to a shelter or a pound, 126 00:11:56,711 --> 00:12:00,477 where they can only hope to find a new home again. 127 00:12:07,322 --> 00:12:11,452 An estimated 25 million animals become homeless every year. 128 00:12:15,230 --> 00:12:18,927 And as many as 27% of purebred dogs are among the homeless. 129 00:12:33,314 --> 00:12:35,782 Of these 25 million homeless animals, 130 00:12:35,884 --> 00:12:39,445 an average of 9 million die on the streets from disease, 131 00:12:40,488 --> 00:12:41,853 starvation, 132 00:12:44,092 --> 00:12:46,083 exposure, 133 00:12:47,462 --> 00:12:48,895 injury, 134 00:12:48,997 --> 00:12:51,864 or some other hazard of street life. 135 00:12:52,434 --> 00:12:53,696 Many others are strays, 136 00:12:53,802 --> 00:12:55,702 some of whom were presumably dumped in the streets 137 00:12:55,804 --> 00:12:57,635 by their caretakers. 138 00:12:58,440 --> 00:13:01,136 The remaining 16 million die in pounds or shelters 139 00:13:01,242 --> 00:13:04,803 that have no room for them and are forced to kill them. 140 00:13:12,587 --> 00:13:17,149 Sadly, on top of all this, almost 50% of the animals brought to shelters 141 00:13:17,258 --> 00:13:19,556 are turned in by their caretakers. 142 00:13:23,498 --> 00:13:25,523 Many people claim they don't visit shelters 143 00:13:25,633 --> 00:13:27,965 because it's depressing for them. 144 00:13:30,371 --> 00:13:34,831 But the reason animals are crowded into such dreary places as these 145 00:13:34,943 --> 00:13:38,879 is because of people's refusal to spay or neuter their pets. 146 00:13:40,548 --> 00:13:44,484 Several pet owners feel, particularly men for some reason, 147 00:13:44,586 --> 00:13:48,420 that neutering a pet emasculates the owner somehow. 148 00:13:51,359 --> 00:13:52,656 Or they may just want their children 149 00:13:52,760 --> 00:13:55,957 to someday experience the miracle of life, so to speak. 150 00:14:07,742 --> 00:14:10,802 In either case, pet owners like these unknowingly take part 151 00:14:10,912 --> 00:14:14,973 in the euthanasia of over 60,000 animals per day. 152 00:14:18,653 --> 00:14:22,919 Euthanasia, generally defined as the act of killing painlessly 153 00:14:23,024 --> 00:14:25,390 for reasons of mercy, 154 00:14:25,493 --> 00:14:29,759 is usually administered by an injection in the leg for dogs 155 00:14:29,864 --> 00:14:32,560 and sometimes in the stomach for cats. 156 00:14:38,540 --> 00:14:40,906 It is a quick and painless procedure for the animals 157 00:14:41,009 --> 00:14:43,307 and by far the most humane. 158 00:14:45,446 --> 00:14:48,108 But not always the most affordable. 159 00:14:52,120 --> 00:14:55,180 Due to the increase of euthanasia in shelters 160 00:14:55,290 --> 00:14:59,488 and the growing, constant demand for drugs like Euthasol, 161 00:14:59,594 --> 00:15:01,289 some shelters with budget constraints 162 00:15:01,396 --> 00:15:04,627 are forced to use gas chambers instead. 163 00:15:09,504 --> 00:15:13,838 In a gas chamber, animals are packed very tightly 164 00:15:13,942 --> 00:15:17,503 and can take as long as 20 minutes to die. 165 00:15:29,490 --> 00:15:35,952 It is, by far, less merciful, more traumatic, and painful. 166 00:15:36,164 --> 00:15:39,224 But the procedure is less expensive. 167 00:15:47,408 --> 00:15:49,774 Perhaps some of the tough questions we should ask ourselves 168 00:15:49,877 --> 00:15:53,711 about animals that we keep as companions are: 169 00:15:53,815 --> 00:15:58,343 can we keep animals as companions and still address their needs? 170 00:15:58,820 --> 00:16:01,414 Is our keeping companion animals in their best interest, 171 00:16:01,522 --> 00:16:03,581 or are we exploiting them? 172 00:16:04,559 --> 00:16:05,719 The answers to these questions 173 00:16:05,827 --> 00:16:08,091 may lie in the attitudes of the human caretakers 174 00:16:08,196 --> 00:16:10,357 and their abilities to provide suitable environments 175 00:16:10,465 --> 00:16:13,059 for companion animals. 176 00:16:42,330 --> 00:16:45,231 Most human beings are speciesists. 177 00:16:46,000 --> 00:16:48,434 This film shows that ordinary human beings, 178 00:16:48,536 --> 00:16:51,528 not a few exceptionally cruel or heartless humans, 179 00:16:51,639 --> 00:16:53,539 but the overwhelming majority of people, 180 00:16:53,641 --> 00:16:56,235 take an active part, acquiesce in, 181 00:16:56,344 --> 00:16:59,802 and allow their taxes to pay for practices that require the sacrifice 182 00:16:59,914 --> 00:17:02,849 of the most important interests of members of other species, 183 00:17:02,950 --> 00:17:07,910 in order to promote the most trivial interests of our own species. 184 00:17:21,602 --> 00:17:25,038 The hope for the animals of tomorrow is to be found in a human culture 185 00:17:25,139 --> 00:17:27,835 which learns to feel beyond itself. 186 00:17:37,652 --> 00:17:40,086 We must learn empathy. 187 00:17:44,592 --> 00:17:47,356 We must learn to see into the eyes of an animal 188 00:17:47,462 --> 00:17:51,956 and feel that their life has value because they are alive. 189 00:18:32,774 --> 00:18:35,675 What happens in slaughterhouses is a variation on the theme 190 00:18:35,777 --> 00:18:39,440 of the exploitation of the weak by the strong. 191 00:18:54,295 --> 00:18:56,286 More than 10,000 times a minute, 192 00:18:56,397 --> 00:19:01,164 in excess of 6 billion times a year, just in the United States, 193 00:19:01,269 --> 00:19:05,729 life is literally drained from so-called "food animals." 194 00:19:06,240 --> 00:19:07,832 Having the greater power, 195 00:19:07,942 --> 00:19:10,843 humans decide when these animals will die, 196 00:19:10,945 --> 00:19:13,675 where they will die, and how they will die. 197 00:19:15,616 --> 00:19:19,074 The interests of these animals themselves play no role whatsoever 198 00:19:19,187 --> 00:19:22,350 in the determination of their fate. 199 00:19:22,790 --> 00:19:26,157 Killing an animal is, in itself, a troubling act. 200 00:19:26,260 --> 00:19:28,990 It has been said that if we had to kill our own meat, 201 00:19:29,096 --> 00:19:31,394 we would all be vegetarians. 202 00:19:32,700 --> 00:19:35,396 Certainly very few people ever visit a slaughterhouse, 203 00:19:35,503 --> 00:19:37,368 and films of slaughterhouse operations 204 00:19:37,472 --> 00:19:40,441 are not popular on television. 205 00:19:40,541 --> 00:19:42,907 People might hope that the meat that they buy 206 00:19:43,010 --> 00:19:45,342 came from an animal who died without pain. 207 00:19:46,314 --> 00:19:48,976 But they don't really want to know about it. 208 00:19:49,083 --> 00:19:53,747 Yet those who, by their purchases, require animals to be killed, 209 00:19:53,855 --> 00:19:55,846 do not deserve to be shielded from this 210 00:19:55,957 --> 00:19:59,723 or any other aspect of the production of the meat they buy. 211 00:20:00,862 --> 00:20:03,490 So where does our food come from? 212 00:20:05,833 --> 00:20:08,233 For those of us living on a meat diet, 213 00:20:08,336 --> 00:20:11,533 the process these animals undergo is as follows: 214 00:20:18,913 --> 00:20:22,076 For beef, the animals are all branded. 215 00:20:23,184 --> 00:20:25,846 In this instance, on the face. 216 00:20:31,893 --> 00:20:34,020 Dehorning usually follows. 217 00:20:34,128 --> 00:20:39,031 Never with anesthetic, but rather a large pair of pliers. 218 00:20:57,318 --> 00:21:00,879 In transportation, animals are packed so tightly into trucks, 219 00:21:00,988 --> 00:21:03,980 they are practically on top of one another. 220 00:21:04,091 --> 00:21:06,218 Heat, freezing temperatures, 221 00:21:06,327 --> 00:21:08,955 fatigue, trauma, and health conditions 222 00:21:09,063 --> 00:21:12,794 will kill some of these animals en route to the slaughterhouses. 223 00:21:15,937 --> 00:21:18,872 Milking cows are kept chained to their stalls all day long, 224 00:21:18,973 --> 00:21:20,372 receiving no exercise. 225 00:21:23,110 --> 00:21:24,372 Pesticides and antibiotics 226 00:21:24,478 --> 00:21:27,606 are also used to increase their milk productivity. 227 00:21:43,731 --> 00:21:48,134 Eventually, milking cows, like this one, collapse from exhaustion. 228 00:21:50,438 --> 00:21:53,601 Normally, cows can live as long as 20 years. 229 00:21:54,675 --> 00:21:57,974 But milking cows generally die within 4. 230 00:21:58,846 --> 00:22:02,714 At which point, their meat is used for fast-food restaurants. 231 00:22:10,358 --> 00:22:12,918 At this slaughterhouse, the branded and dehorned cattle 232 00:22:13,027 --> 00:22:15,052 are brought into a stall. 233 00:22:17,031 --> 00:22:19,397 The captive bolt gun, which was designed 234 00:22:19,500 --> 00:22:23,561 to reduce animals unconscious without causing pain... 235 00:22:26,440 --> 00:22:29,841 ...fires a steel bolt that is powered by compressed air, 236 00:22:29,944 --> 00:22:33,345 or a blank cartridge, right into the animal's brain. 237 00:22:38,185 --> 00:22:40,312 Though various methods of slaughter are used, 238 00:22:40,421 --> 00:22:42,446 in this Massachusetts facility, 239 00:22:42,556 --> 00:22:46,890 the cattle is hoisted up, and his or her throat is slit. 240 00:22:49,096 --> 00:22:52,862 Along with the meat, their blood will be used as well. 241 00:23:03,444 --> 00:23:06,572 Though the animal has received a captive bolt to the head, 242 00:23:06,681 --> 00:23:09,673 which is supposed to have rendered him or her senseless, 243 00:23:09,784 --> 00:23:13,720 as you can see, the animal is still conscious. 244 00:23:16,157 --> 00:23:18,523 This is not uncommon. 245 00:23:18,993 --> 00:23:21,894 Sometimes they are still alive even after they have been bled 246 00:23:21,996 --> 00:23:25,864 and are well on their way down the assembly line to be butchered. 247 00:24:18,219 --> 00:24:23,020 This is the largest glatt kosher meat plant in the United States. 248 00:24:23,424 --> 00:24:26,018 Glatt, the Yiddish word for "smooth," 249 00:24:26,127 --> 00:24:28,789 means the highest standard of cleanliness. 250 00:24:33,734 --> 00:24:38,262 And rules for kosher butchering require minimal suffering. 251 00:24:45,513 --> 00:24:50,382 The use of electric prods on immobilized animals is a violation. 252 00:24:58,092 --> 00:25:01,186 Inverting frightened animals for the slaughterer's convenience 253 00:25:01,295 --> 00:25:03,422 is also a violation. 254 00:25:10,271 --> 00:25:13,434 The inversion process causes cattle to aspirate blood, 255 00:25:13,541 --> 00:25:16,533 or breath it in, after incision. 256 00:25:20,314 --> 00:25:22,839 Ripping the trachea and esophagi from their throats 257 00:25:22,950 --> 00:25:25,441 is another egregious violation, 258 00:25:25,553 --> 00:25:30,923 since kosher animals are not to be touched until bleeding stops. 259 00:25:44,371 --> 00:25:48,364 And by dumping struggling and dying steers through metal chutes 260 00:25:48,475 --> 00:25:51,603 onto blood soaked floors, 261 00:25:51,712 --> 00:25:54,442 with their breathing tubes and gullets dangling out... 262 00:25:59,753 --> 00:26:03,883 ...this "sacred task" is neither clean or compassionate. 263 00:26:07,962 --> 00:26:10,897 Shackling and hoisting is ruled yet another violation, 264 00:26:10,998 --> 00:26:14,957 nor does it correspond to the kosher way of treating animals. 265 00:26:18,038 --> 00:26:23,340 If this was kosher, death was neither quick nor merciful. 266 00:26:27,448 --> 00:26:31,782 Veal, taken from their mothers within two days of birth, 267 00:26:31,886 --> 00:26:33,581 are tied at the neck and kept restricted 268 00:26:33,687 --> 00:26:36,087 to keep muscles from developing. 269 00:26:37,658 --> 00:26:43,255 Fed an iron-deficient liquid diet, denied bedding, water, and light, 270 00:26:43,364 --> 00:26:47,767 after four months of this miserable existence, they are slaughtered. 271 00:26:53,140 --> 00:26:56,268 Sows in factory farms are breeding machines, 272 00:26:56,377 --> 00:27:00,370 kept continually pregnant by means of artificial insemination. 273 00:27:02,016 --> 00:27:04,644 Large pig market factories will "manufacture," 274 00:27:04,752 --> 00:27:06,242 as they like to call it, 275 00:27:06,353 --> 00:27:11,723 between 50,000 and 600,000 pigs a year each. 276 00:28:52,659 --> 00:28:55,560 Tail docking is a practice derived from the lack of space 277 00:28:55,662 --> 00:28:57,527 and stressful living conditions 278 00:28:57,631 --> 00:29:00,794 so as to keep pigs from biting each other's tails off. 279 00:29:02,770 --> 00:29:04,897 This is done without anesthetic. 280 00:29:08,809 --> 00:29:10,572 Ear clipping is a similar procedure, 281 00:29:10,677 --> 00:29:13,703 also administered without anesthetic. 282 00:29:26,427 --> 00:29:28,657 As well as teeth cutting. 283 00:29:49,383 --> 00:29:52,477 Castration is also done without painkillers or anesthetic 284 00:29:52,586 --> 00:29:56,352 and will supposedly produce a more fatty grade of meat. 285 00:30:09,736 --> 00:30:14,435 The electric prods are used for obvious reasons: handling. 286 00:30:47,274 --> 00:30:51,040 Electrocution is another method of slaughter, as seen here. 287 00:30:57,918 --> 00:30:59,317 Throat slitting, however, 288 00:30:59,419 --> 00:31:03,150 is still the least expensive way to kill an animal. 289 00:31:33,153 --> 00:31:36,054 After knife sticking, pigs are shackled, 290 00:31:36,156 --> 00:31:39,557 suspended on a bleed rail, and immersed in scalding tanks 291 00:31:39,660 --> 00:31:41,890 to remove their bristle. 292 00:31:43,263 --> 00:31:45,823 Many are still struggling as they are dunked upside down 293 00:31:45,933 --> 00:31:47,867 in tanks of steaming water, 294 00:31:47,968 --> 00:31:50,903 where they are submerged and drowned. 295 00:32:33,280 --> 00:32:34,941 In regard to poultry, 296 00:32:35,048 --> 00:32:38,643 Americans currently consume as much chicken in a single day 297 00:32:38,752 --> 00:32:42,586 as they did in an entire year in 1930. 298 00:32:46,226 --> 00:32:47,853 The largest broiler companies in the world 299 00:32:47,961 --> 00:32:52,057 now slaughter more than 8.5 million birds in a single week. 300 00:33:10,284 --> 00:33:12,878 Debeaking prevents feather-pecking and cannibalism 301 00:33:12,986 --> 00:33:16,979 in frustrated chickens, caused by overcrowding in single areas, 302 00:33:17,090 --> 00:33:20,253 where they are unable to establish a social order. 303 00:33:28,135 --> 00:33:32,265 Today, done with infant chicks, the procedure is carried out very quickly, 304 00:33:32,372 --> 00:33:34,806 about 15 birds a minute. 305 00:33:35,742 --> 00:33:39,337 Such haste means the temperature and sharpness of the blade varies, 306 00:33:39,446 --> 00:33:43,644 resulting in sloppy cutting and serious injury to the bird. 307 00:33:47,187 --> 00:33:51,146 As for their living conditions, anywhere from 60,000 to 90,000 birds 308 00:33:51,258 --> 00:33:54,489 can be crowded together in a single building. 309 00:34:07,407 --> 00:34:09,739 The suffering for these animals is unrelenting. 310 00:34:10,544 --> 00:34:12,535 It is a way of life. 311 00:34:13,113 --> 00:34:17,072 Although their beaks are severed, they attempt to peck each other. 312 00:34:23,557 --> 00:34:26,117 For hens, they live in a laying warehouse, 313 00:34:26,226 --> 00:34:29,627 crammed inside so-called "battery cages." 314 00:34:35,168 --> 00:34:37,136 Many lose their feathers and develop sores 315 00:34:37,237 --> 00:34:39,637 from rubbing against the wire cage. 316 00:34:45,011 --> 00:34:47,445 Crowding prevents them from spreading their wings, 317 00:34:47,547 --> 00:34:51,813 and the hens cannot even fulfill minimal natural instincts. 318 00:34:55,822 --> 00:35:00,691 During transportation, all animals suffer and many die. 319 00:35:02,729 --> 00:35:05,664 And they suffocate when other animals pile on top of them 320 00:35:05,766 --> 00:35:09,497 in overcrowded, poorly loaded cages. 321 00:35:52,145 --> 00:35:55,672 Chickens and turkeys are slaughtered in numerous ways. 322 00:35:57,117 --> 00:36:00,348 Some may be clubbed to death or have their heads cut off. 323 00:36:13,166 --> 00:36:16,135 But most are brought through the assembly lines of factory farms. 324 00:36:22,509 --> 00:36:24,875 Dangled upside down on a conveyor belt, 325 00:36:24,978 --> 00:36:27,469 their throats are slit, 326 00:36:27,681 --> 00:36:31,344 and they are left to bleed to death. 327 00:36:39,192 --> 00:36:42,127 Others may be placed head-first in tubes to restrict their movement 328 00:36:42,229 --> 00:36:44,561 while they slowly bleed to death. 329 00:36:48,935 --> 00:36:51,904 Surely, if slaughterhouses had glass walls, 330 00:36:52,005 --> 00:36:55,202 would not all of us be vegetarians? 331 00:36:55,709 --> 00:36:58,610 But slaughterhouses do not have glass walls. 332 00:36:58,712 --> 00:37:01,112 The architecture of slaughter is opaque, 333 00:37:01,214 --> 00:37:03,148 designed in the interest of denial, 334 00:37:03,250 --> 00:37:07,050 to ensure that we will not see even if we wanted to look. 335 00:37:07,854 --> 00:37:08,878 And who wants to look? 336 00:37:38,018 --> 00:37:41,510 It was Emerson who observed, more than 100 years ago: 337 00:37:41,621 --> 00:37:42,383 "You have dined, 338 00:37:42,489 --> 00:37:45,253 and however scrupulously the slaughterhouse is concealed 339 00:37:45,358 --> 00:37:47,656 in the graceful distance of miles, 340 00:37:47,761 --> 00:37:50,355 there is complicity." 341 00:37:53,400 --> 00:37:55,493 Fuck on, bitch! 342 00:37:55,602 --> 00:37:58,036 Fuck on, bitch! 343 00:38:42,882 --> 00:38:44,679 And for those who think eating seafood 344 00:38:44,784 --> 00:38:47,810 is healthier than land animals, 345 00:38:47,921 --> 00:38:49,912 just remember how much irretrievable waste 346 00:38:50,023 --> 00:38:53,925 and contaminated sediments are dumped into our oceans. 347 00:38:55,095 --> 00:38:56,289 In the past, 348 00:38:56,396 --> 00:38:59,388 oil, nuclear, and chemical industries have done little 349 00:38:59,499 --> 00:39:02,798 for the protection of marine environments, 350 00:39:02,902 --> 00:39:05,462 and dumping on or under the seabed 351 00:39:05,572 --> 00:39:10,635 has always proved a convenient place to dispose of inconvenient wastes. 352 00:39:23,923 --> 00:39:28,417 Today's commercial fishers intensify this situation on massive scales. 353 00:39:29,663 --> 00:39:32,496 They use vast factory trawlers the size of football fields 354 00:39:32,599 --> 00:39:36,660 and advanced electronic equipment to track and catch fish. 355 00:39:41,608 --> 00:39:44,042 Huge nets stretch across the ocean, 356 00:39:44,144 --> 00:39:46,669 swallowing up everything in their path. 357 00:39:48,415 --> 00:39:52,943 These factory trawlers, coupled with our increased appetites for seafood, 358 00:39:53,053 --> 00:39:57,854 are emptying the oceans of sea life at an alarming pace. 359 00:40:02,562 --> 00:40:05,292 Already, 13 of the 17 major global fisheries 360 00:40:05,398 --> 00:40:08,333 are depleted or in serious decline. 361 00:40:09,836 --> 00:40:12,828 The other four are overexploited or fully exploited. 362 00:40:21,748 --> 00:40:23,841 The recent outbreak of Pfiesteria, 363 00:40:23,950 --> 00:40:28,046 a microorganism 1,000 times more potent than cyanide, 364 00:40:28,154 --> 00:40:32,090 spawned from millions of gallons of raw hog feces and urine, 365 00:40:32,192 --> 00:40:34,683 poured into rivers, lakes, and oceans, 366 00:40:34,794 --> 00:40:38,161 turning their ecosystems into unflushed toilets, 367 00:40:38,264 --> 00:40:40,562 is proving the most alarming. 368 00:40:41,835 --> 00:40:44,099 Threatening sea life and humans alike, 369 00:40:44,204 --> 00:40:47,537 Pfiesteria has killed over one billion fish, 370 00:40:47,640 --> 00:40:51,406 the Southeast's largest fish kill on record. 371 00:40:51,511 --> 00:40:53,672 And it's spreading. 372 00:40:55,982 --> 00:40:58,109 Traces of Pfiesteria have already been found 373 00:40:58,218 --> 00:41:03,246 from Long Island to the Florida Gulf, at distances of up to 1,000 miles. 374 00:41:05,225 --> 00:41:08,251 In fact, this water-based Pfiesteria invasion 375 00:41:08,361 --> 00:41:11,762 stands as one of the worst outbreaks of a virulent microorganism 376 00:41:11,865 --> 00:41:13,730 in U.S. history. 377 00:41:14,467 --> 00:41:16,958 It is a Level 3 Biohazard. 378 00:41:17,070 --> 00:41:18,935 Ebola is a 4. 379 00:41:19,038 --> 00:41:21,029 AIDS is a 2. 380 00:41:21,574 --> 00:41:23,838 And this bug mutated as a direct result 381 00:41:23,943 --> 00:41:28,971 of our mass consumption of animals, particularly pork. 382 00:41:30,583 --> 00:41:33,950 With hog farms fattening millions of pigs for slaughter, 383 00:41:34,053 --> 00:41:37,682 grain goes in and waste comes out. 384 00:41:40,794 --> 00:41:45,458 This waste finds its way into our oceans and water-supply systems, 385 00:41:45,565 --> 00:41:48,898 contaminating the animals that live in it, 386 00:41:49,002 --> 00:41:51,493 as well as those who eat from it. 387 00:41:59,646 --> 00:42:01,477 Finally, whaling. 388 00:42:01,581 --> 00:42:03,742 Though the International Whaling Commission 389 00:42:03,850 --> 00:42:06,910 prohibited commercial whaling in 1985, 390 00:42:07,020 --> 00:42:11,821 many countries continue to kill whales for their so-called "exotic meat." 391 00:42:22,368 --> 00:42:24,461 They use harpoons... 392 00:42:25,772 --> 00:42:27,740 ...firearms... 393 00:42:28,274 --> 00:42:30,139 ...blunt hooks... 394 00:42:30,577 --> 00:42:32,636 ...even explosives... 395 00:42:34,180 --> 00:42:36,239 ...or drive them into authorized whaling bays, 396 00:42:36,349 --> 00:42:37,338 where they are made to beach 397 00:42:37,450 --> 00:42:40,351 and can be killed with knives in the shallows. 398 00:43:06,000 --> 00:43:11,000 [NARRATION MISSING FROM 10TH ANNIVERSARY EDITION] 399 00:43:12,986 --> 00:43:16,353 Every winter, between the months of October through March, 400 00:43:16,456 --> 00:43:19,152 thousands of dolphins are confined and brutally killed 401 00:43:19,259 --> 00:43:21,955 in small towns across Japan. 402 00:43:27,634 --> 00:43:29,864 Sounding rods beneath the water's surface 403 00:43:29,969 --> 00:43:32,403 interfere with the dolphins' sonar. 404 00:43:38,378 --> 00:43:43,543 Once disoriented and enclosed within the nets, the dolphins panic. 405 00:43:47,120 --> 00:43:49,588 Fisherman often injure a few captive dolphins 406 00:43:49,689 --> 00:43:52,089 with a spear thrust or knife slash, 407 00:43:52,191 --> 00:43:55,490 since dolphins never abandon wounded family members. 408 00:43:59,299 --> 00:44:03,292 Mothers and babies call out in distress as they are separated, 409 00:44:03,403 --> 00:44:05,337 hoisted up, and dragged off, 410 00:44:05,438 --> 00:44:08,407 soon to be mercilessly hacked to death. 411 00:44:17,884 --> 00:44:21,047 These are benign and innocent beings. 412 00:44:22,555 --> 00:44:24,580 And they deserve better. 413 00:45:02,595 --> 00:45:05,496 Yet here, as they lay stricken and needful, 414 00:45:05,598 --> 00:45:07,964 writhing helplessly on cement floors, 415 00:45:08,067 --> 00:45:10,535 they are cut open with machetes... 416 00:45:11,571 --> 00:45:14,096 ...and left to slowly suffocate... 417 00:45:24,717 --> 00:45:28,118 ...convulsing and contorting in the throes of agony, 418 00:45:28,221 --> 00:45:31,054 while schoolchildren walk on by. 419 00:45:48,174 --> 00:45:51,439 Such images of slaughter and bloody red water 420 00:45:51,544 --> 00:45:53,307 clearly show the Japanese government 421 00:45:53,413 --> 00:45:56,007 has little respect for the state of the world's oceans 422 00:45:56,115 --> 00:45:58,913 with their inhumane methods of fishing, 423 00:45:59,018 --> 00:46:02,920 often in violation of international treaties, laws, and conventions 424 00:46:03,022 --> 00:46:06,856 designed to protect over-exploiting the oceans 425 00:46:06,959 --> 00:46:09,154 and the creatures that live in them. 426 00:46:12,932 --> 00:46:15,867 Dolphin meat is later sold in markets and restaurants, 427 00:46:15,968 --> 00:46:18,493 though often mislabeled as "whale meat." 428 00:46:22,842 --> 00:46:27,939 But as though cruelty toward animals raised for food wasn't enough, 429 00:46:28,047 --> 00:46:31,278 we've also found ways of making use of them for all our clothes: 430 00:46:33,119 --> 00:46:38,785 jackets, shoes, belts, gloves, pants, wallets, purses, and so on. 431 00:46:38,891 --> 00:46:42,657 The next question is obviously: "where do our clothes come from?" 432 00:46:57,877 --> 00:47:00,675 The demand for leather comes primarily from the United States, 433 00:47:00,780 --> 00:47:03,271 Germany, and the U.K. 434 00:47:03,850 --> 00:47:07,183 Just about everybody wears it, 435 00:47:07,286 --> 00:47:09,948 with little or no thought of where it came from. 436 00:47:10,990 --> 00:47:13,117 Thousands of India cows are slaughtered each week 437 00:47:13,226 --> 00:47:17,060 for their skins, purchased from poor families in part of rural India 438 00:47:17,163 --> 00:47:19,563 who sell them only after the assurance 439 00:47:19,665 --> 00:47:22,361 that the animals will live out their lives on farms. 440 00:47:33,112 --> 00:47:36,206 To relocate the animals to a state where they can legally be killed, 441 00:47:36,315 --> 00:47:40,809 since cattle slaughter is forbidden in most of India, 442 00:47:40,920 --> 00:47:43,354 the animals must be shoed and roped together in preparation 443 00:47:43,456 --> 00:47:47,483 for a harrowing "death march," which could last for several days. 444 00:47:55,535 --> 00:47:59,335 Forced to walk through the heat and dust without food or water, 445 00:47:59,438 --> 00:48:03,499 coupled with the sheer stress of this terrifying experience for them, 446 00:48:03,609 --> 00:48:07,010 many of the animals collapse and are unable to continue. 447 00:48:09,515 --> 00:48:12,143 Bear in mind that most of the cattle are being placed in a truck 448 00:48:12,251 --> 00:48:15,379 for the first time in their lives and are likely to be frightened, 449 00:48:15,488 --> 00:48:17,979 especially if they have been handled hastily or roughly 450 00:48:18,090 --> 00:48:20,217 by the men loading the trucks. 451 00:48:20,326 --> 00:48:23,762 The noise and motion of the truck itself is also a new experience, 452 00:48:23,863 --> 00:48:25,763 one which makes them ill. 453 00:48:26,699 --> 00:48:30,066 After one or two days inside the truck without food or water, 454 00:48:30,169 --> 00:48:32,467 they are desperately thirsty and hungry, 455 00:48:32,572 --> 00:48:34,506 especially since it is normal for such cows 456 00:48:34,607 --> 00:48:37,235 to eat frequently throughout the day. 457 00:48:45,184 --> 00:48:48,244 But when the cattle become weary and grow faint, 458 00:48:48,354 --> 00:48:49,753 the bones in their tails are broken 459 00:48:49,855 --> 00:48:52,722 in an effort to get them back up on their feet. 460 00:48:55,528 --> 00:48:59,464 This is done by repeatedly pinching the tail in several areas. 461 00:49:09,408 --> 00:49:12,775 Handlers must constantly keep the cattle moving, 462 00:49:12,878 --> 00:49:19,215 pulling them by nose ropes, twisting their necks, horns, or tails. 463 00:49:21,354 --> 00:49:24,255 They lead, or rather force, the cattle down embankments 464 00:49:24,357 --> 00:49:26,985 and in and out of trucks without ramps, 465 00:49:27,093 --> 00:49:31,757 causing injuries like broken pelvises, legs, ribs, and horns. 466 00:49:43,075 --> 00:49:46,533 Chili pepper and tobacco are also used to keep the animals walking. 467 00:49:48,014 --> 00:49:51,780 This practice is done by rubbing the pepper directly into their eyes, 468 00:49:51,884 --> 00:49:55,411 in order to stimulate the animal back onto his or her feet. 469 00:50:10,403 --> 00:50:12,530 And all this before the slaughter. 470 00:50:15,107 --> 00:50:17,575 As many as half of the animals will already be dead 471 00:50:17,677 --> 00:50:20,578 by the time they arrive at the slaughterhouse. 472 00:50:39,031 --> 00:50:43,195 But to make the experience even more traumatic and terrifying, 473 00:50:43,302 --> 00:50:46,169 they are often killed in full view of each other. 474 00:50:47,340 --> 00:50:48,534 And instead of the required 475 00:50:48,641 --> 00:50:51,701 "quick slice" across the throat with a sharp knife, 476 00:50:51,811 --> 00:50:55,941 they are generally killed through hacking and sawing with a dull blade. 477 00:51:16,635 --> 00:51:18,933 Afterwards, the skins from these animals 478 00:51:19,038 --> 00:51:21,563 are sent to tanneries that use deadly substances 479 00:51:21,674 --> 00:51:25,405 like chromium and other toxins to stop decomposition. 480 00:51:27,413 --> 00:51:30,678 Remember, leather is dead flesh. 481 00:51:31,417 --> 00:51:32,907 It is dead skin, 482 00:51:33,018 --> 00:51:35,748 and, therefore, it's natural for it to decompose and rot away 483 00:51:35,855 --> 00:51:39,814 unless treated with such potent substances as these. 484 00:51:41,560 --> 00:51:45,496 And for people, the health effects of such chemicals in tanneries, 485 00:51:45,598 --> 00:51:48,032 in lieu of the continued demand for leather goods, 486 00:51:48,134 --> 00:51:50,432 is yet another issue. 487 00:51:59,245 --> 00:52:00,940 Ultimately, leather from Indian cattle 488 00:52:01,046 --> 00:52:04,675 make their way to clothing stores all around the world. 489 00:52:16,962 --> 00:52:20,193 Most major chains sell Indian leather. 490 00:52:21,767 --> 00:52:25,328 Leather that comes from completely different cows than those we eat. 491 00:52:31,277 --> 00:52:32,904 And what about fur? 492 00:52:33,012 --> 00:52:37,381 Over 100 million wild animals are murdered for their pelts every year, 493 00:52:37,483 --> 00:52:41,146 25 million in the United States alone. 494 00:52:41,253 --> 00:52:43,949 These animals, obtained by hunting and trapping, 495 00:52:44,056 --> 00:52:47,184 are kept on fur farms in conditions like these. 496 00:52:51,497 --> 00:52:54,398 Naturally, these undomesticated, wild animals 497 00:52:54,500 --> 00:52:57,025 are not accustomed to being caged. 498 00:52:58,704 --> 00:53:01,639 And cage madness develops when frightened and frustrated animals 499 00:53:01,740 --> 00:53:05,141 are driven crazy from the stress of confinement. 500 00:53:08,013 --> 00:53:11,176 These wild, free-roaming animals and their offspring 501 00:53:11,283 --> 00:53:14,218 find themselves unable to live a natural life, 502 00:53:14,320 --> 00:53:18,586 can never take even a few steps or feel the earth beneath their feet. 503 00:53:20,493 --> 00:53:22,427 Instead, they are reduced to scratching, 504 00:53:22,528 --> 00:53:25,588 circling, and pacing endlessly. 505 00:53:26,632 --> 00:53:31,035 The physical injuries these animals endure on fur farms 506 00:53:31,136 --> 00:53:34,230 involve broken and exposed bones... 507 00:53:38,410 --> 00:53:40,105 ...blindness... 508 00:53:42,848 --> 00:53:44,577 ...ear infections, 509 00:53:44,683 --> 00:53:46,708 dehydration and malnutrition, 510 00:53:46,819 --> 00:53:50,778 exposure to freezing temperatures, 511 00:53:50,890 --> 00:53:53,950 lack of veterinary care, 512 00:53:54,059 --> 00:53:56,687 and slow death. 513 00:54:03,802 --> 00:54:08,034 No laws indicate the killing of animals on fur farms. 514 00:54:08,140 --> 00:54:11,974 Therefore, the least expensive methods are the most appealing. 515 00:54:12,845 --> 00:54:17,214 Carbon-monoxide poisoning, strychnine, suffocation, 516 00:54:17,316 --> 00:54:20,012 breaking the neck, and anal electrocution 517 00:54:20,119 --> 00:54:22,883 are some of the more common methods used. 518 00:54:24,924 --> 00:54:28,325 Removed from his or her cage with a heavy neck pole, 519 00:54:28,427 --> 00:54:32,295 the animal is walked past the rows of bodies of slaughtered foxes, 520 00:54:32,398 --> 00:54:36,425 sables, raccoons, and wolves, among others. 521 00:54:38,637 --> 00:54:41,231 Death by anal electrocution is a crude process 522 00:54:41,340 --> 00:54:44,036 that requires a probe to be inserted in the rectum 523 00:54:44,143 --> 00:54:47,306 while the animal bites down on a metal conductor. 524 00:54:55,688 --> 00:54:58,248 Oftentimes this inept procedure must be repeated 525 00:54:58,357 --> 00:55:00,587 to actually kill the animal. 526 00:55:14,306 --> 00:55:16,399 And the skinned carcasses seen here 527 00:55:16,508 --> 00:55:20,137 will later be ground up and fed to the animals still caged. 528 00:57:00,546 --> 00:57:03,037 And so we move on to entertainment. 529 00:57:06,285 --> 00:57:08,583 Mark Twain once said: 530 00:57:08,687 --> 00:57:13,488 "Of all the creatures ever made, he (man) is the most detestable. 531 00:57:14,493 --> 00:57:17,826 He's the only creature that inflicts pain for sport, 532 00:57:17,930 --> 00:57:19,921 knowing it to be pain." 533 00:57:26,805 --> 00:57:30,707 In rodeos, bulls and broncos don't buck because they're wild, 534 00:57:30,809 --> 00:57:32,709 but because they're in pain. 535 00:57:33,245 --> 00:57:36,078 A belt called a flank strap or a bucking strap 536 00:57:36,181 --> 00:57:39,947 is secured around the animal's body, over the genital area. 537 00:57:40,052 --> 00:57:43,180 As the animal leaves the chute, a tight jerk on the belt 538 00:57:43,288 --> 00:57:46,689 is enough to start him bucking in pain. 539 00:57:49,628 --> 00:57:53,064 Apart from other injuries animals incur at rodeos... 540 00:57:54,233 --> 00:57:56,360 ...such as broken legs... 541 00:57:58,570 --> 00:58:04,270 ...they are also worked up by being slapped, teased, 542 00:58:04,376 --> 00:58:08,813 given electric prods, and otherwise tormented, 543 00:58:08,914 --> 00:58:11,781 to bolt out of the chute in a frenzy. 544 00:59:06,638 --> 00:59:09,869 Roping, as seen here, involves throwing a rope 545 00:59:09,975 --> 00:59:11,806 around the neck of a frightened animal 546 00:59:11,910 --> 00:59:13,138 running full speed, 547 00:59:13,245 --> 00:59:15,406 jerking the poor creature to a halt, 548 00:59:15,514 --> 00:59:17,744 and slamming him or her to the ground. 549 00:59:32,531 --> 00:59:35,398 Like any other business, dog racing and horse racing 550 00:59:35,500 --> 00:59:38,833 are industries motivated by a common denominator: 551 00:59:38,937 --> 00:59:40,996 profit. 552 00:59:52,384 --> 00:59:57,720 At fair grounds across the country, animals are used to race, 553 00:59:57,823 --> 01:00:01,054 bet with, and spectate over. 554 01:00:01,994 --> 01:00:03,757 Training for these events is accomplished 555 01:00:03,862 --> 01:00:06,831 by withholding food and sometimes water. 556 01:00:07,532 --> 01:00:11,024 These animals, unfamiliar with their surroundings, 557 01:00:11,136 --> 01:00:14,003 the noise, the crowds, 558 01:00:14,106 --> 01:00:16,472 even what they're supposed to be doing, 559 01:00:16,575 --> 01:00:19,043 are all too often injured and discarded, 560 01:00:19,144 --> 01:00:23,672 in pointless, trivial, outlandish contests 561 01:00:23,782 --> 01:00:26,751 designed to make profits and entertain. 562 01:00:32,691 --> 01:00:34,386 Besides loss of habitat, 563 01:00:34,493 --> 01:00:38,395 hunting is the number-one threat to wildlife today. 564 01:00:38,497 --> 01:00:42,729 Hunters kill over 200 million animals every year. 565 01:00:43,502 --> 01:00:48,098 Deer, rabbits, and squirrels top the list of desirable targets. 566 01:00:50,575 --> 01:00:51,735 There is no denying it. 567 01:00:51,843 --> 01:00:55,973 If hunting is a sport, it is a blood sport. 568 01:00:56,081 --> 01:01:01,610 The targets are living, and they undergo violent deaths. 569 01:01:15,300 --> 01:01:19,794 Fishing is also a death sport, wherein the nonhuman animal suffers. 570 01:01:22,774 --> 01:01:25,743 Researchers have distinguished that fish show pain behavior 571 01:01:25,844 --> 01:01:28,005 the same way mammals do. 572 01:01:30,115 --> 01:01:33,414 Anatomically, physiologically, and biologically, 573 01:01:33,518 --> 01:01:37,648 the pain system in fish is virtually the same as in birds and mammals. 574 01:01:38,490 --> 01:01:42,290 In other words, fish are sentient organisms, 575 01:01:42,394 --> 01:01:44,760 so of course they feel pain. 576 01:01:54,006 --> 01:01:56,907 For those who think fish die "gentler" deaths, 577 01:01:57,009 --> 01:02:00,843 consider that their sensory organs are highly developed, 578 01:02:00,946 --> 01:02:03,642 their nervous systems complex, 579 01:02:03,749 --> 01:02:06,343 their nerve cells very similar to our own... 580 01:02:07,285 --> 01:02:11,483 ...and their responses to certain stimuli immediate and vigorous. 581 01:02:19,765 --> 01:02:22,233 When going to the circus, 582 01:02:22,334 --> 01:02:25,826 rarely do we stop for a moment and consider: 583 01:02:25,937 --> 01:02:29,304 What incites an animal to do something unnatural, even dangerous, 584 01:02:29,474 --> 01:02:32,705 such as jumping through flames, balancing on one foot, 585 01:02:32,878 --> 01:02:37,508 or diving into water from shaky platforms high in the air? 586 01:02:48,894 --> 01:02:50,953 Animal trainers would like for the public to believe 587 01:02:51,063 --> 01:02:55,591 that animals are coaxed into such behaviors with the promise of rewards. 588 01:03:00,672 --> 01:03:05,905 But the truth is that animals perform because they fear punishment. 589 01:03:07,045 --> 01:03:11,846 Let's go, let's go, let's go! 590 01:03:11,983 --> 01:03:16,545 All right, let's go. Let's get going. 591 01:03:18,290 --> 01:03:21,726 In essence, circuses condemn animals who are wild by nature 592 01:03:21,827 --> 01:03:27,265 to live out their days isolated in tiny, barren cages, 593 01:03:27,365 --> 01:03:31,096 denied normal exercise and socialization... 594 01:03:35,006 --> 01:03:39,102 ...shuttled around from place to place... 595 01:03:46,384 --> 01:03:50,150 ...and shackled in chains for up to 95% of their lives. 596 01:03:57,896 --> 01:04:01,354 Elephants are taught to perform with positive reinforcement 597 01:04:01,466 --> 01:04:02,899 and never hit. 598 01:04:03,068 --> 01:04:04,433 Never hit. 599 01:04:04,536 --> 01:04:10,941 Never, never, never will you see anyone use the ankus 600 01:04:11,042 --> 01:04:14,910 as anything other than a guide or a tool. 601 01:04:20,285 --> 01:04:21,183 No! 602 01:04:31,163 --> 01:04:33,688 Dominance, subservience, and pain 603 01:04:33,798 --> 01:04:37,063 are integral parts of the training process. 604 01:07:17,228 --> 01:07:19,890 We know animals feel. 605 01:07:23,501 --> 01:07:28,131 They feel fear, loneliness, and pain, just like humans do. 606 01:07:29,874 --> 01:07:33,833 What animal would choose to spend their entire life in captivity 607 01:07:33,945 --> 01:07:36,607 if they had a choice? 608 01:09:33,031 --> 01:09:38,731 Are zoos valuable educational and conservation institutions? 609 01:09:38,837 --> 01:09:42,000 Sure, zoos are interesting, but they are only educational 610 01:09:42,106 --> 01:09:44,131 in the sense that they teach a disregard 611 01:09:44,242 --> 01:09:47,575 for the natures of other living beings. 612 01:09:49,481 --> 01:09:53,076 Besides, what can we learn about wild animals 613 01:09:53,184 --> 01:09:55,880 by viewing them in captivity? 614 01:09:58,122 --> 01:10:01,888 Zoos exist because we are intrigued by exotic things. 615 01:10:03,428 --> 01:10:07,387 And to zoo-goers, zoo animals are just that: 616 01:10:07,499 --> 01:10:08,898 things. 617 01:10:11,035 --> 01:10:15,096 In both cases, at circuses or zoos, 618 01:10:15,206 --> 01:10:17,970 wild and exotic animals are captured, 619 01:10:18,076 --> 01:10:23,571 caged, transported, and trained to do what humans want them to do. 620 01:10:30,722 --> 01:10:33,623 At best, the term "bullfighting" is a misnomer... 621 01:10:35,026 --> 01:10:36,857 ...as there is little competition 622 01:10:36,961 --> 01:10:38,792 between the sword of a nimble matador, 623 01:10:38,897 --> 01:10:41,388 which is Spanish for "killer," 624 01:10:41,499 --> 01:10:44,525 and a confused, maimed, psychologically tormented, 625 01:10:44,636 --> 01:10:47,662 and physically debilitated bull. 626 01:10:50,542 --> 01:10:52,669 Many prominent former bullfighters 627 01:10:52,777 --> 01:10:55,245 report that bulls are intentionally debilitated 628 01:10:55,346 --> 01:10:59,544 with tranquilizers and laxatives, beatings to the kidneys, 629 01:10:59,651 --> 01:11:04,281 and heavy weights hung around their necks for weeks before a fight. 630 01:11:07,559 --> 01:11:10,494 Some of the animals are placed in darkness for 48 hours 631 01:11:10,662 --> 01:11:14,063 before the confrontation, 632 01:11:14,165 --> 01:11:17,657 then are released, blinded, into the bright arena. 633 01:11:20,004 --> 01:11:22,905 In a typical event, the bull enters 634 01:11:23,007 --> 01:11:25,942 and is approached by men who exhaust and frustrate him 635 01:11:26,044 --> 01:11:30,504 by running him in circles and tricking him into collisions. 636 01:11:31,916 --> 01:11:34,783 When the bull is tired and out of breath, 637 01:11:34,886 --> 01:11:36,717 he is approached by picadors, 638 01:11:36,821 --> 01:11:40,780 who drive lances into its back and neck muscles, 639 01:11:40,892 --> 01:11:44,692 twisting and gouging to ensure a significant amount of blood loss 640 01:11:44,796 --> 01:11:48,459 and impairing the bull's ability to lift his head. 641 01:11:50,068 --> 01:11:53,401 Then come the banderilleros who distract and dart around the bull, 642 01:11:53,504 --> 01:11:56,439 while plunging more lances into him. 643 01:11:59,444 --> 01:12:02,277 Weakened from blood loss, they run the bull in more circles 644 01:12:02,380 --> 01:12:05,372 until he is dizzy and stops chasing. 645 01:12:07,819 --> 01:12:11,949 Finally, the matador, this "killer," appears 646 01:12:12,056 --> 01:12:15,548 and, after provoking a few exhausted charges from the dying animal, 647 01:12:15,660 --> 01:12:17,992 tries to kill the bull with his sword. 648 01:12:21,299 --> 01:12:26,066 And this bloody form of amusement is bullfighting. 649 01:12:28,139 --> 01:12:31,836 The pleasure derived from all of these activities and sports... 650 01:12:32,577 --> 01:12:35,375 ...a communion with nature, some would say, 651 01:12:35,480 --> 01:12:39,439 can be secured without harming or killing animals. 652 01:12:40,585 --> 01:12:42,815 The commercial exploitation of wildlife 653 01:12:42,920 --> 01:12:45,787 erroneously assumes that the value of wild animals 654 01:12:45,890 --> 01:12:49,553 is reducible to their utility relative to human interests, 655 01:12:49,661 --> 01:12:52,824 especially economic interests. 656 01:12:54,265 --> 01:12:57,359 But wild animals are not a renewable resource, 657 01:12:57,468 --> 01:13:02,201 having value only relative to human interests. 658 01:13:04,409 --> 01:13:08,368 That perception can only be that of a speciesist. 659 01:13:13,384 --> 01:13:16,353 Nevertheless, these practices exist 660 01:13:16,454 --> 01:13:21,619 only because we do not take seriously the interests of other animals. 661 01:13:27,298 --> 01:13:32,998 In this light, are humans not the most callous speciesists of all? 662 01:13:44,916 --> 01:13:47,009 The term "vivisection" is used to apply 663 01:13:47,118 --> 01:13:49,712 to all types of experiments on living animals 664 01:13:49,821 --> 01:13:52,881 and is said to be a form of medical science. 665 01:13:55,426 --> 01:13:57,656 The reason for experimentation of this type 666 01:13:57,762 --> 01:14:02,665 is to allegedly discover cures for human ailments and illnesses. 667 01:14:05,703 --> 01:14:08,137 But those who hope to find remedies for human ills 668 01:14:08,239 --> 01:14:10,673 by inflicting deliberate sufferings on animals 669 01:14:10,775 --> 01:14:14,040 commit two fundamental errors in understanding. 670 01:14:15,046 --> 01:14:18,345 The first is the assumption that results obtained on animals 671 01:14:18,449 --> 01:14:20,940 are applicable to mankind. 672 01:14:21,586 --> 01:14:25,784 The second concerns the inevitable fallacy of experimental science 673 01:14:25,890 --> 01:14:28,256 in respect to the field of organic life. 674 01:14:29,260 --> 01:14:32,491 Since animals react differently from human beings, 675 01:14:32,597 --> 01:14:35,430 every new product or method tried out on animals 676 01:14:35,533 --> 01:14:39,333 must be tried out again on man through careful clinical tests, 677 01:14:39,437 --> 01:14:42,167 before it can be considered safe. 678 01:14:44,342 --> 01:14:46,833 This rule knows no exceptions. 679 01:14:47,745 --> 01:14:49,838 Tests on animals are not only dangerous 680 01:14:49,947 --> 01:14:52,745 because they lead to wrong conclusions, 681 01:14:52,850 --> 01:14:57,082 but, furthermore, they retard clinical investigation, 682 01:14:57,188 --> 01:15:00,589 which is the only valid kind. 683 01:15:01,058 --> 01:15:04,186 Just remember the fact that any disease deliberately provoked 684 01:15:04,295 --> 01:15:08,061 is unlike any disease that arises spontaneously. 685 01:15:13,004 --> 01:15:16,098 Unfortunately, such methods still sail today 686 01:15:16,207 --> 01:15:17,697 under the flag of science, 687 01:15:17,809 --> 01:15:22,473 which is an insult to true science, as well as human intelligence. 688 01:15:36,060 --> 01:15:40,759 And so, vivisection applies to medical experiments, 689 01:15:41,866 --> 01:15:46,132 done with the administration of noxious substances... 690 01:15:50,842 --> 01:15:54,175 ...electric or traumatic shocks... 691 01:16:04,522 --> 01:16:07,389 ...unanesthetized operations... 692 01:16:17,335 --> 01:16:19,462 ...burns... 693 01:16:50,067 --> 01:16:53,867 ...drawn-out deprivations of food and drink... 694 01:16:56,540 --> 01:16:59,236 ...physical and psychological tortures 695 01:16:59,343 --> 01:17:03,746 that lead to mental imbalance, infections, and so on. 696 01:17:06,651 --> 01:17:11,247 Head-injury research involves partially or fully conscious baboons 697 01:17:11,355 --> 01:17:13,380 strapped down with restraints 698 01:17:13,491 --> 01:17:16,187 and their heads cemented into a metal helmet, 699 01:17:16,294 --> 01:17:18,353 which will be thrust at a 60 degree angle 700 01:17:18,462 --> 01:17:21,295 at a force of up to 1,000 gs. 701 01:17:49,860 --> 01:17:54,695 The purpose of this experiment is to simulate auto crashes, 702 01:17:54,799 --> 01:17:59,793 football, boxing, and other head-related injuries. 703 01:17:59,904 --> 01:18:04,932 And this process is often repeated again and again on the same animals. 704 01:18:07,812 --> 01:18:10,303 And finally, military research. 705 01:18:11,716 --> 01:18:14,879 This one speaks for itself. 706 01:18:16,153 --> 01:18:19,179 From sending monkeys into outer space... 707 01:18:19,890 --> 01:18:24,054 ...and testing atomic blasts on helpless dogs, 708 01:18:24,161 --> 01:18:28,257 to exposing primates to nuclear radiation. 709 01:18:30,301 --> 01:18:33,532 20 years ago, the number of animals dying of tortures 710 01:18:33,637 --> 01:18:37,038 through the practice of vivisection was astronomical, 711 01:18:37,141 --> 01:18:40,907 estimated at 400,000 per day worldwide 712 01:18:41,078 --> 01:18:45,913 and growing at an annual rate of 5%. 713 01:18:46,017 --> 01:18:48,508 Today that number is almost beyond comprehension. 714 01:18:48,619 --> 01:18:50,587 19,000 per minute. 715 01:18:50,688 --> 01:18:52,918 10 billion per year. 716 01:19:01,032 --> 01:19:03,796 Some uneducated persons pretend to know 717 01:19:03,901 --> 01:19:08,167 that less-intelligent animals don't feel pain the same way we do. 718 01:19:09,974 --> 01:19:15,970 In truth, we know very little about how specific animals may "feel," 719 01:19:16,080 --> 01:19:19,538 except that they must also submit to the universal law 720 01:19:19,650 --> 01:19:23,051 that causes every organism dying by unnatural means 721 01:19:23,154 --> 01:19:26,453 to suffer greatly before that final release. 722 01:19:30,227 --> 01:19:33,355 But it's nonsense to say that animals do not suffer 723 01:19:33,464 --> 01:19:37,161 because they have a lower order of intelligence. 724 01:19:42,339 --> 01:19:46,969 Pain is pain, conveyed by nerves to the brain. 725 01:19:47,611 --> 01:19:51,775 And there are other nerves than those of intelligence, 726 01:19:51,882 --> 01:19:57,115 nerves such as sight, smell, touch, and hearing. 727 01:19:58,055 --> 01:20:00,853 And in some animals, these nerves are much more highly developed 728 01:20:00,958 --> 01:20:02,255 than in man. 729 01:20:07,865 --> 01:20:10,163 We know that there has never been an epoch 730 01:20:10,267 --> 01:20:13,361 in which we could learn something about the physiology of man 731 01:20:13,471 --> 01:20:15,496 by torturing animals. 732 01:20:17,174 --> 01:20:20,337 We only learned something about animals. 733 01:20:20,444 --> 01:20:24,107 And if there is something we can learn from them on the psychological level, 734 01:20:24,215 --> 01:20:27,742 it is not by means of steel or electricity, 735 01:20:27,852 --> 01:20:31,219 much less so through psychic violences. 736 01:20:31,322 --> 01:20:34,052 The systematic torture of sentient beings, 737 01:20:34,158 --> 01:20:37,218 whatever the pretext and in whatever form, 738 01:20:37,328 --> 01:20:41,059 cannot achieve anything more than it already has: 739 01:20:41,165 --> 01:20:47,070 to show us what is the lowest point of debasement man can reach... 740 01:20:53,744 --> 01:20:56,008 ...if that's what we want to know. 741 01:21:24,041 --> 01:21:28,410 Ignorance is the speciesist's first line of defense. 742 01:21:28,512 --> 01:21:31,970 Yet it is easily breached by anyone with the time and determination 743 01:21:32,082 --> 01:21:34,448 to find out the truth. 744 01:21:35,619 --> 01:21:38,019 Ignorance has prevailed so long 745 01:21:38,122 --> 01:21:42,058 only because people do not want to find out the truth. 746 01:21:44,195 --> 01:21:46,891 "Don't tell me. You'll spoil my dinner," 747 01:21:46,997 --> 01:21:49,227 is the usual reply to any attempt to tell someone 748 01:21:49,400 --> 01:21:52,130 just how that dinner was produced. 749 01:21:53,037 --> 01:21:56,803 Even people who are aware that the traditional family farm 750 01:21:56,907 --> 01:22:00,502 has been taken over by big-business interests, 751 01:22:00,611 --> 01:22:03,375 that their clothes come from slaughtered cows, 752 01:22:03,480 --> 01:22:06,108 that their entertainment means the suffering and death 753 01:22:06,217 --> 01:22:07,548 of millions of animals, 754 01:22:07,651 --> 01:22:12,145 and that some questionable experiments go on in laboratories, 755 01:22:12,256 --> 01:22:16,920 still cling to a vague belief that conditions cannot be too bad, 756 01:22:17,027 --> 01:22:19,996 or else the government or the animal welfare societies 757 01:22:20,097 --> 01:22:22,861 would have done something about it. 758 01:22:25,469 --> 01:22:29,200 But it is not the inability to find out what is going on 759 01:22:29,306 --> 01:22:31,831 as much as a desire not to know about facts 760 01:22:31,942 --> 01:22:34,172 that may lie heavy on one's conscience, 761 01:22:34,278 --> 01:22:37,679 that is responsible for this lack of awareness. 762 01:22:39,817 --> 01:22:43,412 After all, the victims of whatever it is that goes on 763 01:22:43,520 --> 01:22:45,715 in all these awful places 764 01:22:45,823 --> 01:22:48,792 are not members of one's own group. 765 01:22:56,000 --> 01:22:58,764 It all comes down to pain and suffering. 766 01:22:58,869 --> 01:23:04,865 Not intelligence, not strength, not social class or civil right. 767 01:23:05,409 --> 01:23:07,536 Pain and suffering are, in themselves, bad 768 01:23:07,645 --> 01:23:09,977 and should be prevented or minimized, 769 01:23:10,080 --> 01:23:15,074 irrespective of the race, sex, or species of the being that suffers. 770 01:23:17,855 --> 01:23:20,517 We are all animals of this planet. 771 01:23:20,624 --> 01:23:23,252 We are all creatures. 772 01:23:23,360 --> 01:23:28,195 And nonhuman animals experience sensations just like we do. 773 01:23:28,299 --> 01:23:34,636 They, too, are strong, intelligent, industrious, mobile, and evolutional. 774 01:23:34,738 --> 01:23:37,935 They, too, are capable of growth and adaptation. 775 01:23:38,042 --> 01:23:42,172 Like us, first and foremost, they are earthlings. 776 01:23:42,279 --> 01:23:45,544 And like us, they are surviving. 777 01:23:47,384 --> 01:23:52,048 Like us, they also seek their own comfort rather than discomfort. 778 01:23:52,156 --> 01:23:56,820 And like us, they express degrees of emotion. 779 01:23:58,062 --> 01:24:02,192 In short, like us, they are alive, 780 01:24:02,299 --> 01:24:07,794 most of them being, in fact, vertebrate, just like us. 781 01:24:26,490 --> 01:24:30,790 As we look back on how essential animals are to human survival, 782 01:24:30,894 --> 01:24:33,089 our absolute dependence on them, 783 01:24:33,197 --> 01:24:35,392 for companionship, 784 01:24:35,499 --> 01:24:37,160 food, 785 01:24:37,267 --> 01:24:38,928 clothing, 786 01:24:39,036 --> 01:24:41,368 sport and entertainment, 787 01:24:41,538 --> 01:24:44,735 as well as medical and scientific research... 788 01:24:45,509 --> 01:24:49,570 ...ironically, we only see mankind's complete disrespect 789 01:24:49,680 --> 01:24:53,639 for these nonhuman providers. 790 01:24:53,751 --> 01:24:57,448 Without a doubt, this must be what it is: 791 01:24:57,554 --> 01:25:01,012 to "bite the hand that feeds us." 792 01:25:02,926 --> 01:25:07,625 In fact, we have actually stomped and spit on it. 793 01:25:10,667 --> 01:25:14,194 Now we are faced with the inevitable aftermath. 794 01:25:14,304 --> 01:25:15,999 This is evident in health reports 795 01:25:16,106 --> 01:25:19,439 due to our over-excessive consumption of animals: 796 01:25:19,543 --> 01:25:25,072 Cancer, heart disease, osteoporosis, strokes, 797 01:25:25,182 --> 01:25:31,178 kidney stones, anemia, diabetes, and more. 798 01:25:33,824 --> 01:25:38,852 Even our food has now been affected, and at its very source. 799 01:25:40,063 --> 01:25:42,463 With antibiotics used to promote weight gain 800 01:25:42,566 --> 01:25:44,534 in animals who can't gain weight 801 01:25:44,635 --> 01:25:49,231 under the stressful, overcrowded living conditions in factory farms, 802 01:25:49,339 --> 01:25:53,708 with the overuse of pesticides and insecticides 803 01:25:53,811 --> 01:25:55,540 or artificial hormones 804 01:25:55,646 --> 01:26:00,982 designed to increase milk production, litter size, and frequency, 805 01:26:01,084 --> 01:26:06,818 with artificial colors, herbicides, larvicides, synthetic fertilizers, 806 01:26:06,924 --> 01:26:11,327 tranquilizers, growth and appetite stimulants, 807 01:26:11,428 --> 01:26:17,833 it's no wonder that Mad Cow Disease, Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Pfiesteria, 808 01:26:17,935 --> 01:26:21,200 and a host of other animal-related abnormalities 809 01:26:21,305 --> 01:26:24,502 have been unleashed on the human public. 810 01:26:26,076 --> 01:26:30,274 Nature is not responsible for these actions. 811 01:26:30,380 --> 01:26:32,871 We are. 812 01:26:37,921 --> 01:26:40,446 So a change is inevitable. 813 01:26:40,557 --> 01:26:43,117 Either we make it ourselves, 814 01:26:43,227 --> 01:26:47,391 or we will be forced to make it by nature itself. 815 01:26:47,498 --> 01:26:51,264 The time has come for each of us to reconsider our eating habits, 816 01:26:51,368 --> 01:26:55,327 our traditions, our styles and fashions, 817 01:26:55,506 --> 01:26:58,498 and, above all, our thinking. 818 01:27:06,683 --> 01:27:09,550 So, if there is any truth to the age-old saying: 819 01:27:09,653 --> 01:27:11,746 "What goes around, comes around," 820 01:27:11,855 --> 01:27:14,517 then what do they get for their pain? 821 01:27:15,726 --> 01:27:19,719 Do we even give it a second thought? 822 01:27:20,130 --> 01:27:25,864 If what goes around comes around, what do they get for their pain? 823 01:27:29,406 --> 01:27:32,000 They are earthlings. 824 01:27:32,776 --> 01:27:36,872 They have the right to be here just as much as humans do. 825 01:27:39,249 --> 01:27:43,015 Perhaps the answer is found in another age-old saying... 826 01:27:44,121 --> 01:27:45,713 ...and one equally true: 827 01:27:59,301 --> 01:28:05,297 So of course animals feel, and of course they experience pain. 828 01:28:06,842 --> 01:28:10,141 After all, has nature endowed these wonderful animals 829 01:28:10,245 --> 01:28:15,273 with wellsprings of sentiment so that they should not feel? 830 01:28:16,185 --> 01:28:20,019 Or do animals have nerves in order to be insensitive? 831 01:28:24,159 --> 01:28:26,457 Reason demands a better answer. 832 01:28:30,065 --> 01:28:33,091 But one thing is absolutely certain. 833 01:28:33,769 --> 01:28:35,327 Animals used for food, 834 01:28:35,437 --> 01:28:38,804 used for clothing, used for entertainment, 835 01:28:38,907 --> 01:28:41,637 and in scientific experiments, 836 01:28:41,743 --> 01:28:45,577 and all the oppression that is done to them under the sun, 837 01:28:45,681 --> 01:28:48,047 they all die from pain. 838 01:28:49,351 --> 01:28:50,818 Each and every one. 839 01:28:54,656 --> 01:28:57,250 Isn't it enough that animals the world over 840 01:28:57,359 --> 01:29:02,422 live in permanent retreat from human progress and expansion? 841 01:29:02,531 --> 01:29:06,797 And for many species, there is simply nowhere else to go. 842 01:29:09,605 --> 01:29:14,406 It seems the fate of many animals is either to be unwanted by man 843 01:29:14,509 --> 01:29:16,773 or wanted too much. 844 01:29:18,447 --> 01:29:20,381 We enter as lords of the Earth, 845 01:29:20,482 --> 01:29:24,851 bearing strange powers of terror and mercy alike. 846 01:29:24,953 --> 01:29:26,818 But human beings should love animals 847 01:29:26,922 --> 01:29:31,689 as the knowing love the innocent and the strong love the vulnerable. 848 01:29:33,595 --> 01:29:35,927 When we wince at the suffering of animals, 849 01:29:36,031 --> 01:29:40,991 that feeling speaks well of us, even if we ignore it. 850 01:29:41,970 --> 01:29:44,530 And those who dismiss love for our fellow creatures 851 01:29:44,640 --> 01:29:47,131 as mere sentimentality 852 01:29:47,242 --> 01:29:50,905 overlook a good and important part of our humanity. 853 01:29:52,447 --> 01:29:57,146 But it takes nothing away from a human to be kind to an animal. 854 01:29:58,387 --> 01:30:02,483 And it is actually within us to grant them a happy life 855 01:30:02,591 --> 01:30:04,718 and a long one. 856 01:30:07,864 --> 01:30:11,129 On the heath, King Lear asked Gloucester, 857 01:30:11,234 --> 01:30:13,828 "How do you see the world?" 858 01:30:13,937 --> 01:30:17,429 And Gloucester, who is blind, answered, 859 01:30:18,541 --> 01:30:21,203 "I see it feelingly." 860 01:30:23,313 --> 01:30:26,214 "I see it feelingly." 861 01:30:28,651 --> 01:30:32,451 Three primary life forces exist on this planet. 862 01:30:33,322 --> 01:30:35,290 Nature. 863 01:30:36,092 --> 01:30:37,719 Animals. 864 01:30:39,195 --> 01:30:41,288 And humankind. 865 01:30:46,901 --> 01:30:49,369 We are the earthlings. 866 01:30:53,173 --> 01:30:55,505 Make the connection.